自然冷资源低温储藏仓设计与稻谷储藏试验  

Design of Cool Storage Warehouse with Natural Cold Resource and Paddy Storage Experiment

作　　者：施灿璨[1] 周福君[1] 夏吉庆[1] 贾富国[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2017年第11期375-382,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51575098)

摘　　要：为解决稻谷在高温干燥和储藏过程中品质损失问题,设计了自然冷资源低温储藏仓,利用冬季环境下形成的自然冰为高含水率稻谷制冷,以减少高温干燥稻谷工序并减少储藏期间稻谷的品质劣变。试验检测自然冷资源低温储藏仓内稻谷的储藏品质与加工品的变化,并与传统常温仓做对比,结果表明:所设计的自然冷资源低温储藏仓供冷均匀、能耗低、无污染,其制冷系统的能效比为3.54;初始含水率为16.5%的高含水率稻谷在自然冷资源低温储藏仓中能安全储藏5个月,平均含水率呈缓慢下降趋势,最终达到(15.1±0.5)%;自然冷资源低温储藏仓中稻谷粮温稳定,平均粮温为9.8℃;储藏期结束后,稻谷脂肪酸质量比为18.3 mg/(100 g),发芽率为86.75%,霉菌总数为5.1×104CFU/g,自然冷资源低温储藏仓中稻谷的出糙率和整精米率比常温储藏的稻谷分别提高了5.41个百分点和9.57个百分点,裂纹率比常温仓的稻谷降低了13.88个百分点,自然冷资源低温储藏仓中稻谷的储藏品质和加工品质显著优于常温仓中稻谷。In order to solve paddy quality loss during drying process and storage,a natural cold resource（ NCR） warehouse,which used the nature environment ice for providing cold energy to store high moisture paddy and reduce deterioration of paddy during storage period was designed. The NCR warehouse was composed by refrigeration system,paddy storehouse,ice storehouse,equipment room and control system. The paddy storehouse was a closed chamber with size of 3. 8 m × 3 m × 2. 8 m,the ice storage room was 0. 5 m below ground with size of 4 m × 3 m × 2. 5 m. When the warehouse temperature was higher than the set temperature,the temperature sensor sent the signal to RMA411 remote input capture module,then the data output adopted the distal RM4024 analog output module,achieving real time communication between the host computer and output mold,through the RS485 serial series sent out command to start water pumps. The cold water which exchanged the cold energy from ice as coolant flowed from top to bottom in the finned tube heat exchanger by use of a water pump. The heat exchanged between hot air and heat exchanger under the action of the fan,and then the cool air was blown into warehouse to keep the paddy storage temperature at 10℃. The ice which collected in the winter provided cold energy for NCR warehouse. The paddy with inertial moisture content of 16. 5% was packed on the weight of 10 kg by woven bag. The paddy bags were stacked 5 layers and 12 bags per layer which stored in the NCR warehouse from May to September and another part of paddy was stored in an ordinary temperature warehouse stored in the same way as a control group. The physiological characters and processing characters of the paddy were evaluated at the end of every month. The result showed that moisture contents of paddy in the NCR warehouse was decreased less than the ordinary warehouse. The fatty acid value of paddy in the NCR warehouse was 18. 3 mg/（ 100 g）. The germination rate of paddy inthe NCR was 86. 75%,and the total of molds was 5. 1 ×

关 键 词：自然冷资源 低温储藏 稻谷 储藏品质 

分 类 号：S379.2[农业科学—农产品加工]