从词汇角度看《释名》的语料性质  

Lexicon View of the Linguistic Feature of Shiming

作　　者：王国珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院文学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第6期68-76,共9页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题"<释名>复音词研究"(12JCYY02YB);湖州师范学院人文社科预研究项目"<释名>词汇研究"(2013SKYY08)

摘　　要：《释名》是东汉时期声训的集大成之作,从单音同义词和复音词两个角度对该书口语性的强弱进行对比可以发现:从新旧词的角度看,《释名》的15组单音同义词中,旧词占优势的有4组,新词占优势的仅1组,均是旧词的有10组,其中反映口语程度较弱的有7组,较强的有5组,处于中间状态的是3组,没有表现出强烈的口语性;从复音词的角度看,无论是复音词数量还是新兴复音词的数量都极其庞大,远远超出同时代文献,表现出强烈的口语性,两者存在较大的矛盾。鉴于注释性语言存在特殊性,不能简单地认为《释名》的复音词都是当时语言中实际存在的词语。This paper studies the orality feature of Shiming（《释 名 》）,a master piece about phonological annotations written in the Eastern Han Dynasty,in respect of monosyllabic synonyms and polysyllabic words. Among the 15 groups of monosyllabic synonyms picked out from the book,there are 4 group of synonyms in which the dominant vocabulary is of archaic style,with only 1 group dominated by neologism,and the remaining 10 groups are of homogeneously archaism. In terms of orality,7 groups demonstrate less,5 groups more,and the remaining 3 groups somewhere in between. But on the other hand,this work presents a salient feature of orality as a massive quantity of both polysyllabic words and new polysyllabic words are found,far overwhelming those in its coeval literature. In spite of such apparent inconsistency,we can not,in view of the particularity of the language used in annotation,arrive at a simple conclusion that the polysyllabic words in Shiming exclusively actually existed in the spoken language of that time.

关 键 词：汉语词汇史 《释名》 单音词 复音词 口语性 同义词 反义词 双音化 

分 类 号：H131.3[语言文字—汉语]