地理环境和基因型对黑木耳营养组成和品质结构的影响  

Effects of Geographical Environment and Genotype on Nutritional Contents,Texture and Microstructure of Auricularia auricula-judae

作　　者：张彦龙[1] 穆跃 李元敬[1] 万鹏 冯磊[2] 雷虹[1] ZHANG Yanlong;MU Yue;LI Yuanjing;WAN Peng;FENG Lei;LEI Hong(College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin 150081, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江省林业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《食品科学》2018年第2期233-239,共7页Food Science

基　　金：黑龙江大学技术开发项目(2017230101000147);黑龙江省森林工业总局科技计划项目(sgzj Y2015016)

摘　　要：实验对西藏和东北东宁两地不同品种黑木耳营养组成和品质结构差异进行分析。结果表明黑木耳总糖、还原糖、粗纤维、粗脂肪等常量成分受基因型影响显著,西藏独特环境主要影响黑木耳钙、铁、锌、镁等矿质元素和多酚、黄酮、黑色素等功能性成分的积累。主成分分析和层次聚类分析表明环境因素对营养成分的影响超过基因型。伴随着营养组成的变化,环境因素主要影响弹性、凝聚力、黏性、咀嚼度、回复力,基因型仅影响了黑木耳硬度。黑木耳电镜观察显示相似结果,西藏同一地域不同品种黑木耳表观形态类似,而东宁种植黑木耳与西藏种植的黑木耳表观形态差异较大。这些结果表明黑木耳营养组成和品质结构差异更多依赖于环境因素,基因型影响相对较小。该研究为黑木耳栽培和生理机制的研究提供了理论依据。In this paper,we investigated differences in the nutritional contents,texture and microstructure of Auricularia auricula-judaes from Tibet and Dongning of Heilongjiang province.The results indicated that total sugar,reducing sugar,fiber and fat contents of A.auricula-judaes were significantly affected by genotype,while the unique geographical environment of Tibet influenced the accumulation of mineral elements,such as calcium,iron,zinc and magnesium,and functional compounds,such as polyphenols,flavonoids and melanim.Principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated that environmental factors had a greater impact on the nutritional contents than genotype.Along with the changes in nutritional contents,geographical environment influenced the springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,and resilience,while genotype influenced only the hardness of A.auricula-judae.Electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that different A.auricula-judae strains from Tibet had similar morphology,while significant morphological differences were observed between A.auricula-judaes cultivated in Dongning and Tibet.These results suggested that the differences in the nutritional contents and texture properties in A.auricula-judae depend more heavily on environmental factors and less on the genetic background.This study can provide an important guidance for A.auricula-judae cultivation and for further studies on the underlying physiological and molecular mechanism.

关 键 词：黑木耳 营养组成 品质结构 环境 基因型 

分 类 号：Q949.91[生物学—植物学]