基于LES-FE-SEA混合方法的车内湍流噪声数值预测与控制研究  

A Study on Numerical Prediction and Control of In-vehicle Turbulence-Induced Noise Based on Hybrid LES-FE-SEA Model

作　　者：宗轶琦[1] 谷正气[1,2] 张勇[3] 江财茂 张启东[1] 杨振东[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082 [2]湖南文理学院,常德415000 [3]湖南工业大学机械工程学院,株洲412007 [4]广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院,广州516434

出　　处：《汽车工程》2017年第12期1417-1424,共8页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：中央财政支持地方高校专项资金项目(0420036017);国家863计划项目(2012AA041805);长沙市科技计划重点项目(K1501011-11);湖南大学汽车车身先进设计与制造国家重点实验室自主课题项目(734215002);湖南省自然科学基金(2017JJ2074);湖南省教育厅高等学校科学研究计划(16B074);湖南省教育厅优秀青年科学研究项目(16B148)资助

摘　　要：为预测和降低某型轿车的噪声,将LES-FE-SEA混合模型仿真技术引入至车内气动噪声预测中,并将计算结果与传统计算方法和实车道路试验结果进行对比。结果表明,混合模型在预测20~100Hz低频区域噪声时能准确捕捉到响应峰值,与试验结果有少许偏差,计算精度稍低于FE模型,但从100Hz起预测精度开始提高,特别是在200~500Hz的中频区域,混合模型预测精度最高,与试验结果基本吻合,500Hz以后的高频区域预测结果也与试验结果吻合较好。利用混合模型分析各子系统对汽车乘员室声腔的噪声贡献量的结果,确定须要安放吸声材料的部位为顶棚与左右侧围,并选用汽车常用的4种吸声材料。以4层吸声材料厚度为设计变量,降噪幅度、效率和材料性价比等为优化目标,创建Kriging近似模型,采用非支配排序遗传算法进行优化,得到各层材料的理想厚度组合。结果表明,与原材料厚度组合相比,优化后,驾驶员耳旁噪声声压级降低幅度提高了3.15%,降噪效率提升了5.05%,同时吸声材料成本降低了23.42%。To predict and lower the aerodynamic noise of a sedan,the simulation technology of hybrid L E S- FE-SEA model is introduced and the simulation results are compared with those of traditional method and vehicle road tests. The results show that the hybrid model can capture the response peak in the frequency range of 20 ？ 100Hz,with a result slightly deviating from that of test and an accuracy a bit lower than that with F E model. But when frequency higher than 100Hz,the prediction accuracy starts to rise,in particular,the prediction accuracy rea-ches the highest in the middle frequency range of 200？500Hz,with a result basically consistent with test data,while in high-frequency region （〉500Hz ） the prediction results also well agree with test ones. According to the results of analysis with hybrid model on the contribution of all subsystems on the noise in passenger compartment,the roof and side panels are identified as the parts needed to put sound-absorbing materials o n,with four sound-absorbing materi-als commonly used in vehicles selected. B y taking the thicknesses of 4 sound-absorbing materials as variables,theamplitude and efficiency o! noise attenuation and performance cost ratio as optimization objectives, with a Kriging approximate model created, an optimization is conducted by applying NSGA-II algorithm, and an ideal combination ol sound-absorbing material thickness is obtained. The results indicate that compared with the original combination of m a -teriel thickness, after optimization the reduction amplitude in the sound pressure level of noise increases by 3.15%, noise attenuation efficiency rises by 5.05%, while the cost of sound-absorbing material lowers by 23.42%.

关 键 词：气动噪声 FE-SEA混合模型 吸声材料 多目标优化 

分 类 号：U467.493[机械工程—车辆工程]