葡萄及其制品中真菌毒素研究进展  

Research Progress of Mycotoxins in Grapes and Its Products

作　　者：谢汉忠[1] 黄玉南[1] 李君[1] 庞荣丽[1] 乔成奎[1] 成昕[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所/农业部果品质量安全风险评估实验室(郑州),郑州450009 [2]农业部农产品质量安全中心,北京100081

出　　处：《农学学报》2017年第12期70-75,121,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目"果品质量安全控制技术研究"(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-ZFRI-10);国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目"果品质量安全风险隐患摸底排查与关键控制点评估"(GJFP2017003)

摘　　要：葡萄在生产、贮藏和加工过程中,受环境条件的影响可能受到真菌的污染,进而产生不同的真菌毒素,影响葡萄及其制品的质量安全,给人类健康带来安全风险。有关葡萄及其制品中真菌毒素的研究,多集中在欧美等葡萄产区国家,中国在这方面研究以及相关的文献报道还比较少。笔者系统分析了污染葡萄及其制品的真菌类型、污染条件以及产生真菌毒素的种类和含量;通过真菌毒素产生环境的介绍,提出了防治真菌毒素污染的控制手段,特别是真菌毒素分子生物学的深入研究,在区分真菌毒素种类和制定真菌毒素污染的控制技术方面可有效提供技术支撑。比较各国真菌毒素检测方法的研究,发现中国在研究水果及其制品中真菌毒素的检测方法、制定标准和真菌毒素在水果及其制品中的最大残留限量标准方面都存在不足。最后,提出了中国开展真菌毒素在葡萄及其制品中的研究方向。Fungi are major pathogens that cause contamination during grape production, storage andtransportation. Several classes of mycotoxins produced by fungi could simultaneously contaminate grape. Inaddition to their ability to cause spoilage of grape fruit and its related products, these mycotoxins could causepotential harm to human health. Studies of mycotoxins in grapes and its products were more concentrated inthe main grape production areas such as Europe and the United States, but less in China. This papersystematically analyzed the kinds of fungus contaminating grapes and its related products, pollution conditions,mycotoxins types and pollution levels. Through the introduction of mycotoxins producing environment, itdeveloped prevention strategies and control methods for mycotoxin contamination. With advancement ofscientific research in molecular biology of mycotoxins, progress was achieved in the identification ofmycotoxins and the development of techniques in controlling mycotoxins contamination. This review found thatstandards of the maximum residue levels and determination methods of mycotoxins in fruit and its products inChina were insufficient by comparing determination methods of mycotoxins in other countries. Finally, itproposed future research direction of mycotoxins in grape and its related products in China.

关 键 词：葡萄 葡萄制品 真菌毒素 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]