美国促进高校学生海外学习政策:动因、特征及挑战  

Policies Promoting University Students Study Abroad in America:Dynamics,Characteristics and Challenges

作　　者：田京[1] 倪好[2] 

机构地区：[1]杭州电子科技大学中国科教评价研究院,浙江杭州310018 [2]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2018年第1期96-105,共10页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目"中国研究型大学国际化策略建构--基于组织理论的实证案例研究"(项目编号:13YJC880033)

摘　　要：出于巩固国家全球竞争力的政治战略,加强国际理解的文化诉求以及提升学生就业竞争力的教育理想等多重考量,美国出台了多项政策促进学生海外学习,并呈现出以下特征:通过设立多种奖学金项目构建学生海外学习支持体系;以语言学习为依托,引导学生去往非英语国家学习;以国家战略为指导,优先支持STEM领域学生海外学习;以公平全纳为基点,重视为弱势群体学生创造海外学习机会。促进高校学生海外学习政策在实践中遭遇了短期海外学习项目效果不理想、过于服务政治需求而削弱教育意涵等挑战。美国促进高校学生海外学习的系列政策使其形成高校学生大规模海外学习的新图景,助力构建高等教育国际化新格局。Studying abroad is the core dimension of higher education internationalization. Based on the aim of reinforcing global competitiveness, promoting international understanding and enhancing students＇ employment competence, American federal government has set up various kinds of scholarship programs and constructed a supportive system to encourage native students to go abroad. Other main features can be captured as follow, policies suggest more students go to non-English countries and STEM students are given more priorities. In addition, disadvantage group students are emphasized in the principle of equity and inclusive. Challenges also are encountered, such as short-term study abroad programs are lacking of quality, focusing on political intention and impairing educational mission, though multiple study abroad policies have shaped a new education international framework for US and in the meantime have greatly promoted students＇ oversea mobility.

关 键 词：海外学习 美国高等教育 奖学金项目 国家政策 高等教育国际化 

分 类 号：G648.9[文化科学—高等教育学]