干燥德美亚玉米不同物料温度对淀粉糊化特性的影响  

Influence of Different Material Temperature on Starch Gelatinization Characteristics by Drying the Corn of Demeiya

作　　者：樊琦 张伟 亓立强 沈蒙[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学信息技术学院 [3]黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2018年第1期38-41,75,共5页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

摘　　要：为了探索德美亚玉米烘干产生的焦糊籽粒的淀粉成分是否发生变化,以德美亚2号玉米为试验材料,通过改变玉米物料温度使烘干后产生焦糊籽粒,并探究不同物料温度焦糊程度对玉米淀粉得率、热力学性质和糊化特性的影响。结果表明,干燥德美亚玉米产生的焦糊籽粒的淀粉成分已经变质。随着干燥温度的升高,淀粉得率逐渐下降,尤其当物料温度超过60℃,淀粉得率明显降低。与自然干燥相比,物料温度40℃时,最弱微晶结构完善或优化。物料温度高于80℃时由于高温使支链淀粉双螺旋结构解旋,淀粉颗粒结构疏松。物料温度40℃、60℃干燥的淀粉与自然干燥的黏度变化相一致;物料温度80℃,部分淀粉颗粒开始糊化,开始产生焦糊籽粒;物料温度100℃的淀粉完全糊化,冷却后老化,籽粒全部变色成焦糊籽粒,黏度变化不显著。因此,为提高玉米干燥后品质,玉米干燥时物料温度不宜超过80℃。研究结果可为玉米干燥技术提供理论依据和参考。Demeiya No.2 corn was as test materials to explore whether the starch composition would change when Demeiya corns were drying , by changing the temperature of the corn material, the coke grains were dried, and explore the effects of different temperature on the yield, thermodynamic properties and pasting properties of corn starch.The results showed that the starch composition of the drying Demeiya corn had changed.With the increase of drying temperature, the yield of starch decreased, especially when the temperature of the material was over 60 ℃, the yield of starch decreased obviously.Compared with natural drying,when the material temperature was 40 ℃,the weakest microcrystal structure was perfect or optimized.When the material temperature was over 80 ℃, due to the high temperature,the double helix structure of the amylopectin was rotated, and the starch granule structure was loose.And the material temperature 40 ℃ and 60 ℃ was consistent with the viscosity change of natural drying.The temperature of the material was 80 ℃, and some starch granules began to gelatinization.The material temperature of 100 ℃ completely starch gelatinization, aging after cooling, grain color paste viscosity of all coke grain, the change was not significant.Therefore, in order to improve the quality of corn after drying, the temperature of the material should not be over 80 ℃.The results could provide theoretical basis and reference for maize drying technology.

关 键 词：玉米 褐变 物料温度 淀粉得率 糊化特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]