仰韶文化大房子与宴饮传统:河南偃师灰嘴遗址F1地面和陶器残留物分析  

Large Houses and Feasting Tradition of the Yangshao Culture:Starch and Phytolith Analyses of the Residues from Pottery Vessels and Floors of House No.1 at Huizui in Yanshi, Henan

作　　者：刘莉[1] 王佳静[1] 陈星灿[2] 李永强[2] 赵昊 

机构地区：[1]美国斯坦福大学东亚语言与文化系 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100102 [3]郑州大学历史文化学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《中原文物》2018年第1期32-43,共12页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：美国斯坦福大学考古中心中国考古基金会资助

摘　　要：仰韶文化大房子的功能是考古界长期关注的课题,本文运用淀粉粒和植硅体分析方法,对河南偃师灰嘴大房子F1的地面及附近出土的陶器进行残留物分析,并据此探讨仰韶文化时期与大房子有关的社会活动和人类行为。分析证明灰嘴大房子F1、附近的灶及共存的陶瓮、陶缸共同构成宴饮活动所需的设施,包括酿造以黍、稻米、少量小麦族种子及山药等块根植物为主要原料的谷芽酒。可复原的酿酒程序至少包括糖化和发酵。同时,这一建筑是宴饮集会的公共场所;其平整、坚硬而干净的地面,不仅是酿酒过程保持清洁环境的需要,也可能还反映了人们在宴饮集会时对礼仪环境的特殊要求。大房子在仰韶文化遗址中出现的普遍性和形态的一致性,可能反映了以谷芽酒为饮料的宴饮礼仪是仰韶人群的一个重要的共同文化特征,它随着仰韶人的迁徙和扩散被带到仰韶文化分布区的每一个角落。仰韶大房子的结构逐渐复杂化及面积不断增大的过程,在一定程度上反映了宴饮礼仪规模的发展。以黍和稻为主要谷物原料的酿酒与饮酒活动的流行,可以帮助我们理解仰韶时期农业生产不断扩大的社会动力以及水稻在中国北方传播的社会背景。The function of large houses in Yangshao cul archaeological inquiry. In this paper, we employ starch and sites has long been a analyses to study great interest m the residues from floors of a large Yangshao house FI at Huizui in Yanshi, Henan, together with pottery vessels found near the house. The results suggest that this house and the nearby pottery vessels may have heen used as facilities for feasting, including brewing beer with millet, rice, Triticeae, and tubers. The beer making process associated with F1 included mashing and fermenting. This house is also likely to have facilitated puhlic gathering and feasting; its hard and clean floor surfaces were probably huih to meet the special requirement for alcohol production, as well as for ritual activities. The similar structure of large houses in many Yangshao cuhure sites indicates some shared cuhural values relating to ritual feasting among Yangshao peoples, and such values spread over a broad region as the Yangshao population expanded. Yangshao large houses gradually increased in size through time, reflecting the development of feasting activities. The prevalence of millet-rice hased beer making can help us to understand social dynamics of agricuhural production, particularly the diffusion of rice in north China.

关 键 词：谷芽酒 黍 稻 酿酒 农业 社会复杂化 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]