2010-2016年宁夏食源性疾病暴发事件流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristic of foodborne disease in Ningxia,2010-2016

作　　者：倪文思[1] 王秀琴[1] 袁秀娟[1] 裴迎新[2] 高伏龙[1] 李蕾[1] NI Wen - si;WANG Xiu - qin;YUAN Xiu - juan;PEI Ying - xin;GAO Fu - long;LI lei(Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750001 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第11期1967-1970,1991,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2010-2016年宁夏食源性疾病暴发事件,探讨其流行特点,为制订防控措施提供依据。方法运用描述性流行病学的方法对2010-2016年宁夏食源性疾病暴发事件进行分析。结果 2010-2016年宁夏共报告食源性疾病暴发事件129起,发病1 272人,住院106人,死亡4人。平均每年报告事件数18起,报告事件发病数10人以下为主,占79.1%(102/129)。发病高峰集中在二、三季度,发生场所以家庭为主,占49.6%(64/129)。主要致病食品是植物、动物类,分别占38.8%(50/129)和37.2%(48/129)。报告事件致病及引发因素以不明因素为主,明确致病及引发因素中主要由致病微生物及其毒素和加工不当引起,分别占30.2%(39/129)和15.5%(20/129),食堂发生食源性疾病暴发事件主要由有毒动植物及其毒素引起,其他场所主要由致病微生物及其毒素引起。结论宁夏食源性疾病暴发事件二、三季度高发,家庭是主要发生场所,致病和引发因素以不明原因为主。应加大食品安全知识宣传和健康教育,提高疾控机构食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学调查能力和实验室检测能力。Objective To analyzes the outbreak of foodborne diseases in Ningxia from 2010 to 2016, and to discuss its epidemic characteristics, so as to provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the foodborne disease outbreaks in Ningxia in 2010 -2016. Results From 2010 to 2016 ,Ningxia reported a total of 129 outbreaks of foodborne disease, 1 272 cases of disease, 106 hospitalizations and 4 deaths. The average number of reported incidents per year was 18, and the number of reported incidents was mainly below 10, accounting for 79.1% （102/129）. The peak of the disease was concentrated in the second and third quarters. Family was the main place of occurrence ,accounting for 49.6% （64/129）. Plants and animal foods were the main disease - causing food,accounting for 38. 8% （50/129） and 37.2% （48/129） respectively. Report events cause and trigger factors were given priority to with unknown factors, and clear pathogenesis and cause were mainly caused by pathogenic microorganism and toxins and improper processing, accounting for 30.2% （39/129） and 15.5% （20/129） respectively. Food borne disease outbreaks in canteen were mainly caused by toxic animals, plants and their toxins. Other places were mainly caused by pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins. Conclusion The outbreak of foodborne diseases in Ningxia mainly occur in the second and third quarters. The family is the main place of occurrence. The causes of diseases and the triggering factors are mainly unknown reasons. The food safety awareness and health education should be increased. The epidemiological investigation ability and laboratory detection ability of foodborne disease outbreaks in CDC should be improved.

关 键 词：食源性疾病 暴发事件 流行特征分析 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]