桑枝栽培平菇和秀珍菇的调控出菇试验  

Fruit Body Development Controlling for Oyster and Phoenix Mushroom Cultivation Using Mulberry Branch Sawdust as Substrate

作　　者：高云超[1] 肖更生[1] 方少钦[1] 龙镜池[1] 池建伟[1] Gao Yunchao;Xiao Gengsheng;Fang Shaoqin;Long Jingchi;Chi Jianwei(Sericulture and Agro-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广州510610

出　　处：《农学学报》2018年第5期41-47,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22)

摘　　要：为解决食用菌生产中出菇季节集中和出菇后培养料中存余剩余营养的问题,以平菇和秀珍菇为试验材料,采用自然贮存和二次出菇的方法对食用菌的调控出菇和二次间断出菇进行研究。结果表明,平菇正常出菇的生物学效率为41.923%~129.1%,相差3倍之多。秀珍菇正常出菇的生物学效率为64.31%~78.77%,相差不大。从出菇调控结果看,‘平菇831’的生物学效率从50.312%降低至46.591%,调控出菇方法比正常出菇方法生物学效率降低了3.721个百分点,生物学效率降低7.4%。‘秀珍菇195’的生物学效率从69.4%降低至28.99%,生物学效率降低一半以上。使用‘平菇803’进行二次出菇试验,以薄层箱栽和直接全拨皮出菇效果最好,生物学效率分别为12.42%和16.08%,而其他出菇方法的生物学效率仅为1%左右。可见平菇和秀珍菇是良好的调控出菇食用菌种类,在生产上具有重要应用价值。而二次出菇技术由于产量低下和用工量较大,在生产上的意义不大。The paper aims at the edible fungi production problems of fi＇uiting time concentration and nutnent remaining after harvesting. The authors took oyster and phoenix mushroom as experimental materials, and used natural storage and second intermittent fruiting to study the regulation and controlling of harvest times. The resuhs showed that, the biological efficiency of normal fruiting for oyster mushroom cultivation ranged from 41.923% to 129.1% and there was a difference of more than three times; the biological efficiency of normal fruiting for phoenix mushroom cultivation ranged from 64.31% to 78.77%, and there was little difference. From the aspect of experimental result of fruiting time controlling, the biological efficiency of oyster mushroom variety ＇831＇ was reduced from 50.312% for normal fruiting to 46.591% for delayed controlling fruiting, the biological efficiency directly reduced by 3.721 percentage points and 7.4%; the biological efficiency of phoenix mushroom variety ＇195＇ was also reduced from 69.4% for normal fruiting to 28.99% for delayed controlling fruiting, the biological efficiency was reduced more than half. The intermittent secondary fruiting experiment with oyster mushroom variety of ＇ 803＇ showed that the two treatments of ＇thin box planting＇ and ＇direct wholly-skinned＇ had the highest yield of mushroom fruit body, the biological efficiency was 12.42% and 16.08% respectively, and the biological efficiency for other fruiting methods was only about 1%. Therefore,oyster and phoenix mushroom is suitable edible fungi species for the fruit body fruiting time controlling, and have important values in mushroom production, but the intermittent secondary fruiting technique has little production significance due to the large amount of labor used and low yield.

关 键 词：平菇 秀珍菇 出菇期调控 二次出菇 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S646.14[农业科学—蔬菜学]