具有水上事故特征的目标P-中位应急救助选址优化及方法  

Optimal choice of location and method for the P-median overwater-featured accident emergency rescue targets

作　　者：郭国平[1] 王庆珺 吴兵[2,3] 张春玮 GUO Guo-ping;WANG Qing-jun;WU Bing;ZHANG Chun-wei(School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wu- ban 430063, China;Intelligent Transportation System Research Center （ ITS ）, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China;National Engineering Research Center for Wa- ter Transport Safety （WTSC） , Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学航运学院,武汉430063 [2]武汉理工大学智能交通系统研究中心,武汉430063 [3]国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,武汉430063

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第3期1047-1052,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：科学地进行应急救助基地选址是提高应急资源利用效率和应急服务水平的关键,以南京海事辖区为例,对事故多发水域应急救助基地的布局规划和覆盖分配进行了优化研究。总结了辖区水域中影响应急救助站点选址的因素,有辖区事故重点水域分布、桥区水域、锚地3个因素,运用DBSCAN算法确定了辖区事故重点水域的分布情况,结合桥区水域、锚地影响因素,引入安全风险权重系数,利用P-中位建立了应急救助站点选址数学模型。构建的选址模型目标函数在满足设置的约束条件下取最小值,即实现了救援用时最少或救援距离最短。最后运用免疫算法求解选址优化数学模型。经过计算,在考虑时效性的基础上,较好地实现了应急救助对辖区水域的全覆盖和重点水域的重点覆盖。This paper is inclined to put its study focus on the optimization of the location of the emergency response sites in the area prone to accidents by taking the status-in-situ under Nanjing Maritime Safety Administration as a case study sample. For the said purpose,we have made a careful analysis and summary of the influential factors for selecting such response sites,for example,the areas prone to accidents,the bridge-covering areas and the sites for anchorage. To reduce the computational errors caused in the areas prone to accidents,we would like to introduce the DBSCAN algorithm to the automatic identification and determination of the parameters of Eps and Min Pt in accordance with the particular features of the accident data,which are easy to find the distribution of the accident-prone areas through scanning. What is more,it is also necessary to introduce and take the risk-prone area coefficients into account,e. g. the bridge area and the anchorage area. In so doing,we have managed to establish equations for optimizing the location of the emergency response sites by using P-median. Specifically speaking, the objective function is to shorten the distance of the emergency response sites with the risk coefficients,whereas it is necessary to take into account the special range and the response time of the sites,the constraint function and the hydraulic range under administration. And,finally,we have also adopted the immune algorithm to set up the optimization model for emergency response site allocation,in which a detailed description has been given to the calculation process of the model. Seeing the above need,the paper has suggested the immune algorithm programming solution to verify the feasibility of the optimal algorithm via the software MATLAB. Thus,the advantages of the proposed model can be summarized in the following points.（ 1） The model can be regarded as the timeliness of the emergency response. And,（ 2）,the proposed model can be taken to produce immediate response to the sensitive area and quic

关 键 词：公共安全 DBSCAN算法 P-中位 免疫算法 选址 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]