我国劳动者辞职权的法理与制度构建  

Legal Theory of Labors' Right to Resign in China and System Construction

作　　者：谢增毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《法学评论》2018年第4期52-62,共11页Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"全球化背景下国际劳工组织及其劳动立法与中国劳动法治的完善研究"(批准号15BFX133)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：辞职权是劳动者的一项重要权利,关涉劳动者劳动自由的基本价值,应当给予充分保护;同时,辞职权与雇主追求的员工数量与质量稳定和安全具有一定张力,二者应当加以协调。大陆法系国家和地区一般区分定期合同和不定期合同,规定不同的辞职规则。在不定期合同中,劳动者享有充分的辞职权,只要履行预告义务就可辞职;在定期合同中,原则上劳动者必须具备正当事由方可解除合同,劳动者辞职权受到较大限制。我国不宜引入大陆法系定期合同劳动者辞职的一般规则,以避免对定期合同劳动者辞职权造成过度限制以及实务操作的困难。我国应针对定期和不定期合同统一规定预告制度,并改变目前预告期单一的僵化规定;根据劳动者工作时间长短规定不同的预告期,并允许当事人对预告期做适当约定。The right to resign is an important right of workers that touches up the basic value of workers＇ labor freedom and therefore should be fully protected.At the same time,there is a certain tension between the right to resign and employers＇ pursuit of stability and security of the number and quality of employees.Therefore,a balance should be stricken between the two.Civil law countries and regions generally stipulate different rules of resignation for fixed-term contracts and contracts of indefinite period.In contracts of indefinite period,the worker has the full right to resign：he only needs to give a notice to the employer in advance.In fixed-term contracts,the right to resign is greatly restricted：in principle,the employee must have a legitimate reason to terminate the contract.China should not introduce the general rules of resignation for fixed-term contract from the civil law system,so as to avoid excessive restrictions on the right to resign and the operational difficulties it might cause in practice.Instead,it should stipulate uniform notice rules for fixed-term contracts and those of indefinite period and change the current single rigid notice period.In addition,the notice period should be based on the length of time in which the employee has worked for his employer,and the parties should be allowed to make an appropriate agreement on the notice period.

关 键 词：辞职 劳动合同解除 预告 固定期限合同 无固定期限合同 

分 类 号：D922.52[政治法律—民商法学]