成都市2016年学校食堂及小卖部食品和餐具卫生监测结果分析  

Surveillance on food and tableware sanitation of canteens and small stores in schools in Chengdu City,2016

作　　者：郭正梅[1] 杜楠 黄敏[1] GUO Zheng-mei;DU Nan;HUANG Min(Chengdu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]成都市疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2018年第8期946-949,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查成都市中小学校2016年食品及餐具的卫生状况,分析学校食品及餐具潜在的安全隐患,有针对性地采取措施,防止学校突发食品公共卫生事件。方法对成都市2016年具有食堂的中小学校的食品(包括植物油、大米和营养餐)及餐具进行抽样、检测,每年抽检2次,食堂餐具的监测指标为大肠菌群,植物油的监测指标包括酸价和过氧化值,大米的监测指标包括铅、镉和无机砷,零食的监测指标包括大肠菌群、菌落总数、霉菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,营养餐的监测指标包括菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,并对监测结果进行评价和统计分析。结果成都市学校食堂和小卖部食品卫生监测合格率均在95%以上。其中,餐具、大米、零食、营养餐和植物油的合格率分别为96.7%、97.5%、95.7%、99%和100%。餐具不合格的原因主要是大肠菌群超标,大米不合格的原因主要是重金属铅、镉超标,零食不合格原因主要是霉菌计数超标、大肠菌群超标和菌落总数超标,营养餐不合格的原因为菌落总数超标。除了春秋季学期餐具合格率差异有统计学意义外(χ~2=6.13,P=0.014),其它监测指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论成都市2016年学校食堂及小卖部食品卫生监测合格率除了植物油外均未达到100%,存在一定的安全隐患。Objective To investigate the sanitation condition of food and tableware in primary and middle schools in Chengdu City in 2016,and to analyze the potential risk of sanitation exposure so as to take targeted measures and prevent the emergent food public health event in schools. Methods We sampled and detected food（ including vegetable oils,rice and nutritious meals）and tableware twice in primary and middle schools equipped with canteens in Chengdu City in 2016. The monitoring item of communal tableware of the canteens was coliform group. The monitoring items included acid value and peroxide value in vegetable oils,lead,cadmium and inorganic arsenic in rice,coliform group,aerobic bacterial count,mold and Staphylococcus aureus in snack and aerobic bacterial count,coliform group,Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in nutritious meals. The detection results were evaluated and statistically analyzed. Results The qualified rates of food sanitation surveillance of canteens and small stores in schools were all over 95%,of which the qualified rates of tableware,rice,snack,nutritious meals and vegetable oils were 96. 7%,97. 5%,95.7%,99% and 100% respectively. The leading causes for the unqualified tableware,rice,snack and nutritious meals were respectively coliform group exceeding the limitation,heavy metal lead and cadmium exceeding the limitations,mold count,coliform group and aerobic bacterial count exceeding the limitations,and aerobic bacterial count exceeding the limitation. No statistically significant differences were found in the qualified rates of all the monitoring items between spring and autumn semesters（ all P〉0.05） except the qualified rate of tableware（ χ^2= 6.13,P = 0.014）. Conclusions The qualified rates of food sanitation monitoring in canteens and small stores of schools in Chengdu City in 2016 were all below 100% except vegetable oils,which might lead to a certain potential risk of sanitation exposure.

关 键 词：学校 食品 餐具 卫生 

分 类 号：R155.65[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]