汉文佛典中“塔”相关音译形式及其汉化  

On the Transliterations of stūpa and the Domestication of tǎ(塔)

作　　者：顾满林[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国俗文化研究所,四川成都610064

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2018年第3期61-75,共15页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"早期汉译佛经一词多译比较研究"(17BYY062);四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项(哲学社会科学)项目(编号SKJ201001)

摘　　要：汉语佛教文献中对应梵语stūpa(巴利语thūpa)的音译形式很多,其中产生最早、使用最广泛的是单音节形式"塔",后来出现的"塔婆""窣堵波"等复音形式都没能取代它。隋唐以来,"塔"的汉化程度越来越高,它可以像本语词一样用来解释别的音译形式,可以后加词缀"子",可以活用为动词且可带宾语。The Sanskrit word stūpa has various transliterations in Chinese Buddhist texts. Among these transliterations, the monosyllabic tǎ is the one that is more popular than tens of disyllabic and trisyllabic versions. During the long history, the loanword tǎ(塔) got domesticated gradually, especially from the Sui(隋) and Tang(唐) dynasties on. Namely, tǎ had successfully gained the sense of a native Chinese word:(a) tǎ was used explaining the other transliterations;(b) a typical Chinese suffix zi(子) was attached to tǎ; and(c) tǎ often functioned as a transitive verb meaning "to bury" though it was originally a noun in Sanskrit.

关 键 词：汉文佛典 音译词 塔 汉化 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]