注意缺陷多动障碍儿童冷、热执行功能及心理理论研究  

On the Cold and Hot Executive Functions and the Theory of Mind in Children with ADHD

作　　者：陆露 范敏霞[3] 郑晓露 肖倩媛 王静梅 陈冠杏[1] 卢英俊[1,2] LU Lu;FAN Minxia;ZHENG Xiaolu;XIAO Qianyuan;WANG Jingmei;CHEN Guanxing;LU Yingjun(Hangzhou Teachers College for Preschool Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Hangzhou,310012;Institute of Children Research,Zhejiang Normal University,Hangzhou,310012;Pule Kindergarten,Hangzhou,310053)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院,杭州310012 [2]浙江师范大学儿童研究院,杭州310012 [3]杭州浦乐幼儿园,杭州310053

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2018年第7期65-71,共7页Chinese Journal of Special Education

摘　　要：注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童是幼儿园常见的特殊儿童,了解其在执行功能与心理理论发展上的特异性与缺失,有助于全纳教育更好地开展。对30组基于IQ、年龄配对的ADHD和普通儿童进行冷、热执行功能、心理理论测量,结果显示:(1)ADHD儿童冷执行功能三大子成分抑制控制、工作记忆与认知灵活性的正确率均显著低于普通儿童,其中抑制控制在不同复杂度的任务中均差异显著,而工作记忆差异仅体现在与视觉空间有关的复杂任务上;(2)ADHD儿童热执行功能偷看行为总分显著高于普通儿童,且注意力配置策略水平较低;(3)ADHD与普通儿童心理理论能力无显著差异。总之,ADHD儿童冷、热执行功能均显著落后于普通儿童,且随任务复杂度增加而突出。教育者应有意识地通过游戏化方式将执行功能训练渗透ADHD儿童一日生活的各个环节,并重视培养其自我控制力。Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） are a common kind of special-needs children in kindergartens. Understanding their particularity and deficiencies in their executive functions （EF） and theory of mind （TOM） can help improve inclusive education. This study, based on a survey of 30 children with ADHD and their counterparts with typical development well matched in IQ and age by using the tasks of cold and hot EF and ToM, concludes the following： （1） The children with ADHD showed a significantly lower accuracy of EF such as inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility; there was a significant difference between the two groups in inhibitory control in the tasks with different degrees of complexity, and their difference in working memory merely arose in the complex tasks related to visual space; （2） the children with ADHDs scored significantly higher in hot EFs like peeping but slightly lower in attention allocation strategies than those with typical development; and （3） there was no significant difference between the two groups in their ability in ToM. In brief, the children with ADHD showed a significantly lower level of cold and hot EF than those with typical development, especially in increasingly complex tasks. Therefore, educators need to apply game-based EF training in the daily life of children with ADHD, and attach importance to the cultivation of their self-control.

关 键 词：ADHD 冷执行功能 热执行功能 心理理论 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]