深圳市居民通过蔬菜对镉的暴露风险评估  

Risk assessment of cadmium exposure of Shenzhen residents through vegetables

作　　者：杨淋清[1] 潘柳波[1] 王舟[1] 罗贤如[1] 张慧敏[1] 张锦周[1] 黄薇[1] YANG Lin-qing;PAN Liu-bo;WANG Zhou;LUO Xian-ru;ZHANG Hui-min;ZHANG Jin-zhou;HUANG Wei(Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangdong Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2018年第4期436-440,共5页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81172710);深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20160428143634086);深圳市现场流行病培训项目四期

摘　　要：目的评估深圳市居民通过蔬菜对镉的暴露风险,并分析主要原因和可能的控制措施。方法应用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测蔬菜中镉含量,根据2008年深圳市居民蔬菜消费量数据以及2015—2016年深圳市蔬菜中镉污染数据,应用@risk软件模拟计算深圳市居民通过蔬菜对镉的暴露水平,应用回归分析探讨影响镉暴露水平的主要原因,应用应力分析探索可能的控制措施。结果 95%的深圳市居民通过蔬菜对镉的暴露水平低于0.296 6μg/kg BW,按照经蔬菜摄入镉占总膳食中镉来源14%估计,有18.20%的深圳市居民通过蔬菜摄入镉超出世界卫生组织规定的暂定每月摄入耐受量(PTMI)值,叶菜的镉污染水平以及叶菜的消费量是影响通过蔬菜对镉暴露量的最主要因素,通过将叶菜中镉污染控制在现有污染水平的80%以内可以将通过蔬菜对镉的总暴露水平均数下降35.58%,P95下降40.19%,镉摄入超PTMI值的人群比例降至10.50%。结论深圳市居民通过蔬菜暴露于镉的风险较大,通过控制叶菜中高浓度镉污染可以在一定程度上降低居民通过蔬菜暴露于镉的风险。Objective To assess the risk of cadmium exposure through vegetables in Shenzhen,and to analyze the main causes and possible control measures. Methods The content of cadmium in vegetables was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ ICP-MS）. Based on the data of vegetable consumption in Shenzhen in 2008 and the data of cadmium pollution in vegetables in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2016,the @ risk software was applied to simulate and analyze the exposure for Shenzhen residents through vegetables. The main causes of cadmium exposure were analyzed by regression analysis,and the possible control measures were explored by stress analysis. Results 95% of Shenzhen citizens were exposed to cadmium by vegetables less than 0. 296 6 μg/kg BW. Assuming 14% of the total dietary cadmium intake were from vegetables,18. 20% of the Shenzhen residents were exposed to cadmium through vegetables beyond the provisional tolerable monthly intake（ PTMI） value suggested by WHO. The cadmium pollution level and the consumption of leafy vegetables were the most important factors affecting the exposure of cadmium through vegetables. By controlling cadmium contamination in leafy vegetables within 80% of the existing pollution level,the total exposure of cadmium through vegetables would decrease by 35. 58% in mean value and 40. 19% in P95,and the proportion of people with cadmium intake above PTMI would reduce to 10. 50%. Conclusion The exposure level of Shenzhen residents to cadmium through vegetables was a relatively high risk. By controlling cadmium pollution in leafy vegetables,the risk of cadmium exposure through vegetables could be reduced.

关 键 词：蔬菜 镉 蒙特卡罗 食品安全 风险评估 重金属 食品污染物 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]