基于冷却液控制参数的柴油机变海拔热平衡试验  

A Diesel Thermal Balance Test Based on the Coolant Thermal Parameters at Different Altitudes

作　　者：杨春浩[1] 刘瑞林 刘楠[1] 刘振明[1] 周磊[1] YANG Chun-Hao1, LIU Rui-Lin2 ,LIU Nan1, LIU Zhen-Ming1, ZHOU Lei1(1. College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China; 2. Department of Military Vehicle, Army Military Transportation University, Tianjin 300161, China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学动力工程学院,武汉430033 [2]陆军军事交通学院军用车辆系,天津300161

出　　处：《工程热物理学报》2018年第9期2103-2111,共9页Journal of Engineering Thermophysics

基　　金：国防预研项目(No.30105030201);国防重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(No.613252);海军工程大学博士研究生创新基金(No.XYBJ1611)

摘　　要：利用自主设计的柴油机高海拔热平衡试验系统,进行不同模拟海拔(0 m、3500 m、5500 m)基于冷却液控制参数的电控共轨柴油机全负荷热平衡试验,研究了柴油机变海拔热平衡规律,全面分析了变海拔条件下冷却系统控制参数对整机热平衡影响的机理与规律,优化标定了不同模拟海拔下最佳冷却液流量。结果表明:随海拔升高,发动机热负荷升高,集中表现在缸内燃烧温度峰值增加且对应曲轴转角减小;全工况冷却系统散热量呈普遍下降趋势,高散热量区分布在全负荷的中高转速区。冷却液温度由60℃升至80℃,冷却系统散热量占比下降4.1%,有效功率和排气散热量占比分别增加约1.7%、1%,且随海拔升高,冷却液温度对热平衡的影响更加明显。随着冷却液循环流量的增加,冷却系统散热量明显增加,有效功率与排气散热量变化不明显;不同海拔条件下,当冷却液流量达到某一限值时,冷却系统散热量增加幅度都开始减缓,全速全负荷工况下,这一限值随海拔升高(0～5500 m)由18.5 m^3/h增至20 m3/h。A thermal balance test of Electronically controlled common-rail diesel engine based on the coolant thermal parameters was carried out at different simulated altitudes（0 m, 3500 m, 5500 m）on a high-altitude thermal balance system. The heat balance law of diesel engine at different attitudes and temperatures were studied, and the mechanism and rule of the cooling system＇s influence on the heat balance of the whole unit under different altitude conditions are analyzed comprehensively,and the optimal coolant flow rate under different simulated altitude is optimized. The result shows that exhaust temperature before turbine drops significantly in the low speed region; the peak value of cylinder combustion temperature increases and corresponding crankshaft angle advances with the altitude increasing; the heat release of cooling system decreases at all working conditions and the high heat release emerged at medium and high speed of full load. The temperature of the coolant raising from 60 ℃ to 80 ℃, the percent of the heat release of cooling system accounts for 4.1%, the effective power and exhaust heat dissipation increase separately by 1.7%, 1%, and with the elevation,the coolant temperature to heat balance The impact is more obvious of the coolant temperature to heat balance. With the increase of coolant circulation flow, the effective power and exhaust heat dissipation change is not obvious, the cooling system heat dissipation increases significantly; under different altitude conditions, when the coolant flow reaches a certain limit, the cooling system heat dissipation increases slowly, in the full-speed and full-load condition, with the increase of altitude（0-5500 m）, the limit value increases from 18.5 m^3/h to 20 m^3/h.

关 键 词：电控共轨柴油机 冷却液温度 循环流量 高海拔 热平衡 

分 类 号：TK412[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]