“举本统末”与王弼思想的再认识  

Rethinking of Wang Bi's Philosophy and His Idea of “Upholding Ben and Synthesizing Mo”

作　　者：党圣元[1] 康倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院,北京100488

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2018年第9期149-158,共10页Social Science Front

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(17AZD027)

摘　　要：学界通常将王弼的思想视作"本体论"或"贵无论",但这些概括未必能涵盖王弼思想的基本理路。概言之,王弼思想以"举本统末"为枢纽。"崇本息末""崇本举末""举本统末"等表述并不相悖,均强调"本""末"并举、以"本"统"末"。至于"本""母"的具体存在形式,王弼的诠释文本因袭了《老子》一书中"道"的概念,同时,王弼对于《老子》一书中已经出现但没有过多论述的"无"和"一"予以特别强调。"执一御众"或者"以寡统众",也是王弼"举本统末"思想的有机组成部分。与何晏相比,王弼使"本""末"得以更好地融贯,其"举本统末"的思想虽然着眼于"本",但落脚点则是"末",这突出体现于其政治观与伦理观。"本""末"作为王弼思想的一体两翼,不可偏于一面,也不可割裂二者之间的联系。Wang Bi's philosophy is basically considered as a theory of Ontology or Nothingness,which,however,fails to generalize his thoughts.The pivot of Wang's philosophy actually is"Upholding Ben and Synthesizing Mo",(both italics referring to the start and the end of a course),which goes in line with his"Uplifting Ben and Silencing Mo"and"Uplifting Ben and Holding Mo",with emphasis both on Ben and Mo,or in other words,on how Ben leading or guiding Mo.As for the existing forms of Ben and Mo,Wang's interpretation follows Lao-tzu's Taoism of Nothingness and Oneness,with"Dominating the Mass with Less"as an integrated part of his philosophy.In comparison with He Yan,Wang better synthesizes the idea of Ben and Mo,with start on Ben but focus on Mo,which is also reflected in his views of politics and ethics.Ben and Mo as two wings of Wang's philosophy,neither is to be viewed or emphasized separately.

关 键 词：王弼 魏晋玄学 举本统末 本体论 贵无论 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]