不同社会情境对儿童奖惩分配公平性的影响  

The Influence of Different Social Situations on the Distributive and Retributive Justice among Children

作　　者：张野[1] 张珊珊[1] 刘兰馨 Zhnng Ye;Zhang Shanshan;Liu Lanxin(College of Education Science,Shenyang Normal University,Shenyang,110034;Guangzhou,Guangzhou Vocational School of Tourism ＆ Business,Guangzhou,510280)

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学教育科学学院,沈阳110034 [2]广州市旅游商务职业学校,广州510280

出　　处：《心理科学》2018年第5期1151-1157,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：全国教育科学"十三五"规划2018年度国家一般课题"欺凌治理视域下中小学生校园排斥预防与干预体系构建的实证研究"(BHA180128)的资助

摘　　要：研究采用个体-偶然排斥范式和第三方奖惩分配范式,从行为与判断两方面考察不同社会情境下8～9岁儿童奖惩分配公平性。结果发现:(1)被排斥组被试的奖惩分配公平性行为、判断显著多于被接纳组。(2)9岁组被试的奖惩分配公平性行为、判断显著多于8岁组,奖惩分配不公平性行为、判断显著少于8岁组。结论:社会情境影响儿童的奖惩分配公平性,在排斥情境下,8～9岁儿童的奖惩分配公平性明显提升;8～9岁儿童的奖惩分配公平性随年龄增长有上升趋势。Justice is always deeply concerned in the society. In previous studies, Piaget has come to the conclusion that justice is a complicated moral standard which can be studied by the two aspects of behavior and judgement. Judgement of retributive justice is the important content of children in moral judgment, then behavior of retributive justice is shown in the process of children who are allocating resources. The development of children distributive fairness is very slow and phased, ranging from no rules （according to own preference） to simple rules （such as equal distribution） and then to complex rules （such as fairness： matching distribution with contribution）. However, few study focused on the retributive justice, let alone justice in different social situations. The study explored 8-9-year-old children＇s distributive and retributive justice in the social exclusion and acceptance situations using individual-accidental exclusion paradigm, the third-party reward, and penalty allocation paradigm. In study 1, the aim of the experiment was to analyze the characteristic, as well as the effect rote of social exclusion in the behavior of distributive justice about the distribution of rewarding and punishing among children aged 8-9. A 2 （social situation： social exclusion vs. social acceptance） × 2 （8-year-old vs. 9-year-old） × 4 （type of behavior task： good behavior rewarded vs. bad behavior punished vs. good behavior punished vs. bad behavior rewarded） mixed design was adopted in study 1. 122 children aged 8-9 were tested and randomly assigned to the experiment group. The results were as follows： （1） The fair behavior of distributive and retributive justice in social exclusion group was significantly more than that in social acceptance group. And the unfair behavior of distributive and retributive justice in social exclusion group was significantly less than that in social acceptance group; The fair behavior of distributive and retributive justice in 9-year-old group was signific

关 键 词：社会排斥 奖惩分配公平性 分配公平性行为 分配公平性判断 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]