提问作为开展对话的关键——巴赫金遇上伽达默尔  

Questioning as the Key for the Dialogue to Develop:Bahktin Encountering Gadamer

作　　者：宫崎清孝 韩蒙 Kiyotaka Miyazaki;Han Meng

机构地区：[1]日本早稻田大学 [2]复旦大学外国语言文学学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2018年第4期21-26,共6页Russian Literature & Arts

摘　　要：对于真正的对话而言,提问与回答之间的关联极为重要。尽管巴赫金较少谈及提问的特征,但他在某次谈及此问题时写道:提问与回答不是逻辑关系(范畴);二者不能被置于同一种意识中。本文考察巴赫金关于提问的观点中所蕴含的各种意义,将其观点与伽达默尔所谓"提问与回答的辩证法"联系起来并加以比较。伽达默尔认为,对话是通过一问一答而展开的,提问是获取一切知识的路径。在独白式话语中,回答无法超越原始问题的视域,回答中可能存在最初提出问题的人所体察不到的视域。在这种情况下,只有一条单向路径指向最终答案。而在对话中,提问者和回答者的视域并不相同。这就是巴赫金相关议论的含义。本文将对话式课堂中问与答的性质作为对话的典型案例加以分析。Chains of questioning and answers are vital for the authentic dialogue. Though Bakhtin did not talk much about the characteristics of questioning, he wrote, on one of rare occasions, that questions and answers are not logical relations （categories）; they cannot be placed in one consciousness. This paper examines the implications of Bakhtin＇s view on questioning, relating and comparing it with the view of ＂the dialectic of question and answer＂ of Gadamer, in which he argued the dialogic proceeds by way of question and answer or, rather, the path of all knowledge leads through the question. In the case of monologic discourse, the answers cannot go beyond the horizon of the original question, or the possible horizons in the answers are not listened to by the one who asked the original questions. There is only one way path to the final answer. In the dialogue, the horizons for the questioner and the horizons for the answerer are not the same. That is what Bakhtin＇s statements imply. In this paper, the nature of questioning and answer in the dialogic classroom will be analyzed as the typical case of the dialogue.

关 键 词：提问 阐释学 对话式教育 

分 类 号：I512.06[文学—其他各国文学]