作为德性的正义  

Justice as a Virtue

作　　者：迈克尔·斯洛特[1] 阮航(译)[2] 臧政(校) 

机构地区：[1]迈阿密大学 [2]湖北大学哲学院 [3]中国人民大学

出　　处：《价值论与伦理学研究》2015年第1期29-43,共15页Axiology and Ethics

基　　金：中南财经政法大学基本科研业务费青年教师创新项目“西方女性主义关怀伦理学研究”阶段性成果

摘　　要：谈到作为德性的正义,我们通常将其视为一种个人品质,即使我们所设想的个人正义与社会正义之间存在某些（根本的）关涉,但罗尔斯和其他一些人则直接将正义视为＂社会制度的第一德性＂,因而＂作为德性的正义＂是适用于个人还是适用于社会,实际上是模棱两可的。本文将反思和探讨这种歧义性（ambiguity）,尽管本文主要关注的仍然是个人正义。As a trait of individual,the explanation of justice as a virtue is full of ambiguity from its initial suggestion by Plato.It is ambiguous whether justice as a virtue primarily applies to individuals or to society.Hume claims that individual justice is an artificial virtue,and tries to explain the source of justice as a virtue in a sentimentalist way.However,his explanation seems not plausible enough and leads to the Humean circle,though he offers some enlightening psychological arguments as complements.The mainstream of contemporary ethics such as that of Rawls thinks that the feelings of individual justice are derived from and developed by living in circumstances of just institutions.In this rationalist way,individual justice is a matter of accepting and conforming to moral and political principles.It is not an explanation of virtue ethics.The theories on stages of moral development in contemporary psychology also suggest explanations of individual justice.One representative explanation is Kohlberg＇s theory about six stages of human moral development,whose conclusion is in accordance with that of rationalist ethics.A more significant explanation is offered by Gilligan.Based on a sample of girls,she argues that women tend to think morally in terms of connection to others and in terms of caring about those with whom they are connected.Her study greatly contributes to the rise of contemporary caring ethics,and the explanations of justice as a virtue thus presented,though facing many challenges,is not only better than Hume＇s theory on artificial virtues,but also offers a new way to explain justice as a virtue based on virtue ethics.

关 键 词：社会正义 德性 个人品质 个人正义 社会制度 罗尔斯 歧义性 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]