妙在“有”“无”之间--从“天泉证道”到“严滩问难”  

Between “YOU” and “WU”:from “Tian Quan Zheng Dao” to “Yan Tan Wen Nan”

作　　者：田智忠[1] 袭叶超 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院、价值与文化研究中心、社会主义核心价值观协同创新中心 [2]北京师范大学哲学学院

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2016年第2期68-75,共8页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国传统价值观变迁史”(14ZDB003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：从价值观的视角看,阳明和王畿的思想都有自觉融合"有"与"无"的一面,这在所谓"天泉证道"和"严滩问难"中,有突出的体现。从"天泉证道"到"严滩问难",讨论的中心是本体与工夫问题,而其表述方式,则是"有"与"无"的交融。其中,学界关于"天泉证道"和"严滩问难"的最大争论,是王畿以"四无论"来解读阳明的"四句教"和"有心""无心"之论,是否符合阳明的本意。我们认为,虽然王畿有对"无"的特殊偏好,但是其根本的为学宗旨还是主张要"有"与"无"交融,而其提出"有心俱是实,无心俱是幻"或是"本体上说工夫"、"即本体证工夫"与"无心俱是实,有心俱是幻"或是"工夫上说本体"、"用工夫合本体",则分别代表着为学工夫的不同入手路径。阳明和王畿的为学宗旨,都能做到妙在有无之间,这也确保了其不会偏离儒学的基本价值观。Wang Yangming and Wang Ji consciously compromise the state of 'YOU'(existence)and 'WU(non-existence),which is expressed outstandingly in the 'Tian Quan Zheng Dao' and the 'Yan Tan Wen Nan'.The key question from the'Tian Quan Zheng Dao' and the'Yan Tan Wen Nan' is the ontology and the effort theory,and the way they are represented is based on the mutual integration of YOU and WU.The biggest dispute in academic circles is whether it is fit in with Wang Yangming himself when Wang Ji interprets the 'You Xin' and the 'Wu Xin' in 'Four Aphorisms' by 'the Theory of Si Wu'.We considered that the fundamental purpose of learning is to integrate YOU and WU,even though he has a special preference on the state of 'WU'.It stands for the different ways of effort theory to learning when he represents 'You Xin Ju Shi Shi,Wu Xin Ju Shi Huan','Interpret the effort theory based on the ontology','Prove the effort theory besed on the ontology' and 'Wu Xin Ju Shi Shi,You Xin Ju Shi Huan','Integrate the ontology via the effort theory','Interpret the ontology based on the effort theory'.The purpose of Wang Yangming and Wang Ji′s learning both focuse on the integration of 'You' and 'Wu',which guarantees their theory not to be away from the basic aim of Confucianism.

关 键 词：天泉证道 严滩问难 四句教 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]