职业教育精准扶贫:作用机理与实践反思  

On Precision Poverty Alleviation of Vocational Education: Mechanism of Action and Reflection of Practice

作　　者：李鹏[1] 朱成晨 朱德全[1] Peng Li;Chengchen Zhu;Dequan Zhu(Faculty of Education, Southwestern University, Chongqing, China, 400715;College of Education, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor MI, USA, 48109)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715 [2]密歇根大学安娜堡分校教育学院,美国密歇根州安娜堡48109

出　　处：《教育与经济》2017年第6期76-82,共7页Education & Economy

基　　金：重庆市研究生科研创新项目"职业教育教学质量评价的技术与制度研究"(项目编号:CYB14064);西南大学基本科研经费项目;学生创新业基金项目"职业教育教学评价制度体系研究"(项目编号:SWU1609205)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：职业教育是关注民生的"平民教育",也是实施教育精准扶贫的"排头兵"。职业教育精准扶贫可以精确聚焦到贫困县、贫困村、贫困户及贫困个人。通过职业教育或培训,贫困个人可以获得经济性资本收益、符号性资本收益以及缄默性资本收益,进而实现职业教育直接性扶贫、发展性扶贫和补偿性扶贫。当前职业教育在增加贫困个人的经济性资本、符号性资本以及缄默性资本方面成效显著,但囿于职业教育在办学与招生体制、人才培养机制和管理协调机制等方面的局限,职业教育精准扶贫在精准聚焦、拔根除贫和长效保障方面还存在着一些客观困难。因此,要积极推动职业教育供给侧的体制机制改革,建构现代职业教育体系,提升职业教育质量,增加职业教育个人收益,助推职业教育精准扶贫。Vocational education is concerned about the livelihood of the“civilian education”,so it is an effective way to implement precision poverty alleviation.Vocational education can be precisely focused on the precise poverty counties,poor villages,poor households as well as poor individuals.Through the vocational education or training,poor individuals can obtain economic capital gains,symbolic capital gains and tacit capital gains,so as to realize the directly poverty reduction,development poverty alleviation and compensatory poverty alleviation.At present,the precise poverty alleviation of vocational education has achieved remarkable results in increasing the economic capital,symbolic capital and tacit capital for poor individuals,but limited by the vocational education system and enrollment system,personnel training mechanism,management and coordination mechanism or other aspects of restrictions.Because of the limits mentioned above,there are some difficulties for vocational education in precise poverty,such as precise focusing the poor people,the eradication of poverty and uproot long-term security.Therefore,we should actively promote the reform on the supply side system of vocational education,build a modern vocational education system,improve the quality of vocational education,increase personal income of vocational education,and boost vocational education precise poverty alleviation.

关 键 词：职业教育 精准扶贫 个人收益 精准聚焦 拔根除贫 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]