自然冷资源条件下低温储藏仓储藏稻谷的试验研究  

Storage Character of Rice by Using Natural Cold Source Storage Warehouse

作　　者：施灿璨[1] 周福君[1] 夏吉庆[1] 贾富国[1] 何诗行 刘环宇[1] SHI Can-can;ZHOU Fu-jun;XIA Ji-qing;JIA Fu-guo;HE Shi-hang;LIU Huan-yu(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2018年第1期49-56,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51575098)

摘　　要：为解决稻谷在常温储藏过程中易发霉变质等仓储问题,获得最佳的稻谷低温储藏条件,在自然冷资源稻谷低温储藏仓的仓储条件下研究含水率和储藏温度对稻谷储藏品质的影响。以稻谷为试验材料,选择储藏温度和稻谷含水率为试验因素,采用2因素3水平全因子试验法进行自然冷资源稻谷低温储藏试验,其中储藏温度分别取5℃、10℃和15℃,稻谷含水率分别取15.0%、16.5%和18.0%,储藏周期为150d,每隔30d检测稻谷的脂肪酸值、发芽率和霉菌总数,利用综合评价方法获得最佳的储藏温度和稻谷储藏含水率,应用SPSS软件对各试验指标进行数理统计分析,建立自然冷资源低温稻谷储藏仓中稻谷的脂肪酸值、发芽率和霉菌总数变化规律的回归方程,并根据优化结果进行为期153d的稻谷仓储验证试验。结果表明:储藏温度和稻谷含水率与脂肪酸值和霉菌总数呈显著正相关(p<0.05)与发芽率显著负相关(p<0.05);在考虑自然冷资源稻谷低温储藏仓的用冰量前提下,利用综合评价法确定在自然冷资源稻谷储藏仓中稻谷的最佳储藏条件为储藏温度10℃、储藏含水率16.5%;经验证试验得到最佳储藏条件下稻谷最终脂肪酸值为18.3mg·(100g)^(-1),发芽率为86.75%,霉菌总数为5.1×10~4CFU·g^(-1),结果表明此储藏方法保证了稻谷的储藏品质。本研究结果可为利用自然冷资源低温储藏稻谷提供参考依据。The experiment was designed to solve the postponed quality deterioration of rice by ordinary temperature storage method and to achieve the optimum storage conditions of rice at low temperature storage condition.In this research,rice was stored in natural cold source storage,and the fatty acid value,germination rate and total numbers of fungi of rice were evaluated at every end of the month from May to September.The rice storage experiment was designed in 2 factors with 3 levels,i.e.3 storage temperature levels(5,10 and 15℃)and 3 rice moisture content levels(15.0,16.5 and 18.0%).A suitable combination of storage temperature and rice moisture content of storage characters was obtained by using comprehensive evaluation.The regression equations of fatty acid value,germination rate and total number of fungi were established by using SPSS software and the rice storage verification test was carried out according to the optimization results.The results showed that the natural cold source warehouse was cooled stability at low temperature during storage period.Storage temperature and moisture content of rice were positively correlated with fatty acid value and total number of fungi(p<0.05),and negatively correlated with germination rate(p<0.05).A comprehensive method of assessing storage characters of rice was established using a membership function method and the optimum storage conditions were the storage moisture content of 16.5%and storage temperature of 10℃.The rice storage verification test was carried out with the optimum storage condition of rice in natural cold source warehouse from May to September in the next year.The verification test result showed that the final fatty acid value in rice was 18.3 mg·(100g)-1,that the final germination rate was 86.75%,and that the final total number of fungi was 5.1×104 CFU·g-1.This study provided a theoretical foundation for the application of natural cold source technology in large scale rice storage.

关 键 词：自然冷资源 稻谷 低温储藏 含水率 储藏品质 

分 类 号：S379.2[农业科学—农产品加工]