30t轴重重载铁路钢轨轨型和材质对比试验  

Comparative Test on Shape and Material of Rail Used for Heavy Haul Railway of 30t Axle Load

作　　者：张银花[1] 李闯[1] 俞喆[1] 李伟[2] 张生玉[3] 干锋[4] ZHANG Yinhua;LI Chuang;YU Zhe;LI Wei;ZHANG Shengyu;GAN Feng(Metals&Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Railway Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Locomotive&Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Traction Power State Key Laboratory,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所,北京100081 [3]中国铁道科学研究院机车车研究所,北京100081 [4]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2018年第2期10-17,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划

摘　　要：在某重载铁路铺设不同轨型、不同廓形、不同材质计8种组合的钢轨,通过实测和仿真,从轮轨接触几何关系、轨道结构动力学、货车动力学性能和钢轨使用性能等方面进行对比试验,对钢轨的廓形、轨型、材质进行分析和比选,提出30t轴重重载铁路的用轨策略。结果表明:与标准型面LM车轮接触时,60钢轨的轮轨接触光带偏向于轨距角一侧,60N和75N钢轨的则移向踏面中心部位,且轮轨接触应力显著降低;与实测廓形60,60N和75N钢轨接触时,车轮的等效锥度分别为与标准廓形75N钢轨接触的1.35~1.5,0.77~0.86和0.94~1倍;在8 000和12 000t载重条件下,60N和75N钢轨对轨道结构动力学指标的影响基本相当,60钢轨最大;3种廓形钢轨对货车动力学指标的影响不显著。建议在30t轴重重载铁路上,选用轨型为75kg·m^(-1)、廓形为75N的钢轨,在直线线路上铺设980 MPa级及以上、曲线线路上铺设1 300 MPa级及以上强度等级的钢轨,在小半径曲线且伤损形式以滚动接触疲劳为主的线路上可推广使用贝氏体钢轨。8 kinds of rails with different types,profiles and steel grades were laid on a certain heavy haul railway for testing.Through field tests and simulation,comparative study was done concerning wheel-rail contact geometry,track structure dynamics,the dynamic performance of freight car and rail service performance etc.Analysis and comparison of rail profiles,types and steel grades were then done to propose rail selection strategies for heavy haul railway of 30 t axle load.Results show that when matching with LM profile wheel,the contact band on 60 rail deviates towards gauge corner,while those of 60N and 75N rails shift to the center part of tread and have an obviously lower contact stress.The equivalent conicity values of the measured 60,60N and 75N rail coupled with LM wheel are respectively 1.35~1.5,0.77~0.86and 0.94~1.00 times of that of standard 75N rail.Under the total load of 8 000 t and 12 000 t,60N and 75N rails have close track structure dynamics indexes,while 60 rail has the largest values.All three kinds of rails have slight influence on the dynamic indexes of freight cars.Suggestions of using 75 kg·m-1 rail with 75N profile on heavy haul railway of 30 t axle load are given.Rails with the tensile strength of 980 MPa or above are recommended for tangent track,while those with the tensile strength of 1 300 MPa or above are recommended for curved track.For curves with small radius where rolling contact fatigue dominates,the use of bainitic rails can be promoted.

关 键 词：30t轴重 钢轨 轨型 廓形 材质 动力学测试 重载铁路 

分 类 号：U213.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]