章学诚“六经皆史”论批判  

A Criticism of Zhang Xuecheng's Theory that “The Six Classics Were All History”

作　　者：姜广辉[1] 钟华[2] Jiang Guanghui;Zhong Hua

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院 [2]湖南大学

出　　处：《哲学研究》2018年第8期68-78,127,共12页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金2010年重大招标项目"中国经学史"(编号10&ZD058)的阶段性成果

摘　　要："六经皆史"论并非始于章学诚,但前人的"六经皆史"论是在承认"六经"当下是经的前提下讲的。章学诚的"六经皆史"论脱离六经当下是经的前提,孤立地宣扬"六经皆史"的观念,将经降低到"史"的地位。章说谬误非一,如主张回归官师合一、政教合一的三代政治,其实质是要解构后世所形成的经学,而建构一种唯"史"论的学术体系。事实上,文化的发展自有其历史内在的逻辑与合理性,章学诚否定三代以后的文化发展,本身就是一种非历史主义和隐蔽的文化退化论。依章学诚的意见,天下学术,只应有官学,不应有私学,因而特别推崇秦王朝"以吏为师"的文化专制主义政策。本文认为,能说出"六经皆史",并不是深刻的,而能说出"六史为经",即《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》等文献何以在后世两千年中被确立为"经",其中有什么外在的社会原因和内在的学理根据,才是深刻的。The theory that“the Six Classics were all history”did not begin with Zhang Xuecheng.However,earlier scholars who supported this theory did so based on the acknowledgment of the six classics as classics,whereas Zhang separated himself from this precondition,degrading them to history.Zhang advocated for returning to the ancient Three Dynasties’integration of the various bureaucratic ranks and of administration and education,with the real purpose of deconstructing later generations theory of the classics and of building a history-centered system of learning.In accordance with Zhang s ideas,there should only be government schools,and not private ones;as such,he advocated for the Qin dynasty s culturally absolutist policy of“taking government officials as teachers.”The authors of this paper suggest that the development of culture has its own historical logic and rationality,and that Zhang s attempt to deny cultural development since the Three Dynasties was actually ahistoricism,and a covert theory of cultural degeneration.

关 键 词：章学诚 六经皆史 以吏为师 六史为经 

分 类 号：B249.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]