论教育进步的内在尺度  

The Intrinsic Scale of Educational Progress

作　　者：王占魁[1] Wang Zhankui(Department of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学系,上海200062

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2018年第5期165-174,共10页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：2019年度上海市哲学社会科学规划教育学一般项目"道德教育中的论辩逻辑研究"

摘　　要：作为内含于社会大系统之中的一个子系统,教育不仅具有重要的社会作用,而且有着重要的育人价值,事关人的尊严。然而,长久以来,人们习惯于把教育仅仅看作是促进社会政治或经济领域发展的工具并套用这些领域的尺度来衡量教育,而对教育的本体价值和教育进步自身的内在尺度鲜有思考。事实上,本体价值相对工具价值而言具有逻辑在先性。故此,本文认为,教育进步应首先并始终围绕"现代人格的发展"这个教育的本体价值展开,时刻警惕来自社会其他领域进步的"外在尺度"对教育进步"内在尺度"的僭越、替代和遮蔽。具体而言,教育进步的内在尺度包括以下三个层面:其一是社会舆论层面,相对于套用政治和经济等外行话语尺度而言,教育进步的内在尺度首先是指有关教育进步话语的专业话语内生力及其面向社会其他领域的价值领导力;其二是教育评价层面,除了作为办学条件需要考虑的经费投入、楼宇面积、装潢风格、信息化程度等外在物化尺度之外,教育进步的内在尺度强调特别关注不同学校主体的学习/工作意愿、人际氛围、情感体验和生命质量,以及广大家长和社会成员对教育价值和教育工作的理解、信任与支持水平;其三是育人目标层面,相对于学生的获奖数、升学率、就业率等外在物化(数量化)和工具主义的衡量指标而言,教育进步的内在尺度应当更加关切作为现代社会形成和奠定现代国家基石的现代公民精神人格养育上的成效。唯其如此,我们才能有望改变那些"外在尺度"对学习者主体意志和人格发展阶段性的僭越、取代或遮蔽,进而才能有望真正改变当下教育生活中那些因"剥夺性开发"和"超前性训练"所导致的儿童多方面的"早熟"与"过劳"等不正常现象。As an inner subsystem included in the whole social system,education not only plays a very crucial social roles but also concerning the value and dignity of a person.While for so long people was accustomed to regarding education as just the tool for economic,political,and social development,and following their standards to judge education’s own development,without thinking about the ontological value of education and the inner scale of educational progress.Actually,the ontological value has logical precedence.Therefore,this article argues that the intrinsic scale of educational progress should always focus on“the development of modern personality”and watching out for the arrogation,substitution or masking of this“intrinsic scale”by the“outer scales”from other social systems at all time.Concretely speaking,the intrinsic scale of educational progress includes three aspects as follow:(1)on the public opinion level,relative to the outer discourse mode from other social systems,the intrinsic scale of educational progress is firstly reflected in the endogenous force of professional discourse about educational progress and its leadership of other social fields;(2)on the educational evaluation level,in addition to the outer condition of fund input,building area,decoration style,and informationized degree,the intrinsic scale of educational progress especially stresses on the working intention,interpersonal atmosphere,emotional experience,and life quality,as well as the comprehension,trust and support of parents and society to schooling value and teacher’s work;(3)on the level of educational goals,relative to the outer scale of winning rate,enrolment rate,employment rate,the intrinsic scale of educational progress concerns more about modern citizen’s spiritual personality,which lays a foundation for the formation of modern society and modern state.Only then may we prevent the outer scales from arrogating,substituting or masking the learners subjective will and personality developmental periodicity,and then

关 键 词：教育进步 进化论 内在价值 工具价值 现代人格 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]