日本的大学通识教育研究  

Research on General Education in Japanese Universities

作　　者：李圣杰 裘科 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学外国语言文学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《高教学刊》2018年第20期1-4,7,共5页Journal of Higher Education

基　　金：国家社科基金资助青年项目"川端康成‘魔界’思想的流变研究"(编号:15CWW010)的阶段性成果;武汉大学人文社会科学青年学者学术团队建设计划(编号:WHU2016006)资助

摘　　要：近年来,大学通识教育受到越来越广泛的关注,其重要性逐渐在国内高等教育界形成共识。日本的现代大学教育在亚洲仍处于领先地位,也是最早借鉴美国大学经验,开始大学通识教育探索的东亚国家。战后的日本大学废除了偏重专业教育的旧体制,以《哈佛通识教育红皮书》为蓝本,采取了两年通识教育加两年专业教育的"二·二分段制"教育模式,使通识教育在日本大学内普及。1991年"大纲化"改革后,课程设置的裁量权下放,日本各高校纷纷对大学通识教育进行了反思与改革,二十多年来取得了大量宝贵经验。包括建立了负责大学通识教育的组织和管理,并在全校范围内对教育资源进行统合的机构,实践了"四年一贯制"等新的课程模式等。从这些经验中可以获得有益于我国大学通识教育探索的启示。In recent years,university general education has received more and more attention,and its importance has gradually formed a consensus in Chinese higher education.Japan"s modern university education is still in the leading position in Asia,and it is also the first East Asian country to learn from the experience of American universities and begin university general education.After World War II,Japanese universities abolished the old system of professional education.Based on GENRAL EDUCATION IN A FREE SOCIETY--Report of Harvard Committee,the two-year general education and two-year professional education were adopted.General education is popularized in Japanese universities.After the"Syllabus"reform in 1991,the discretion of the curriculum was decentralized.Various universities in Japan have reflected and reformed the general education of the university.They have gained a lot of valuable experience in the past 20 years.Including the establishment of the organization to organize and manage the general e原ducation of the university,and integrate educational resources throughout the university,the implementation of the"four-year system"and other new curriculum models.From these experiences,we can get inspirations for the exploration of general education in Chinese universities.

关 键 词：通识教育 教养教育 日本高校 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]