代谢工程改造酿酒酵母生产2,3-丁二醇的研究进展  

Research progress of imporvement of 2,3-butanediol producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae by metabolic engineering

作　　者：刘德安 王长丽 丁昊 葛菁萍[1,2] LIU Dean;WANG Changli;DING Hao;GE Jingping(Key Laboratory of Microbiology,College of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China;Agricultural Microorganisms Technology Education Engineering Research Center,Harbin 150500 China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学生命科学学院微生物学黑龙江省高校重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]农业微生物技术教育工程研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150500

出　　处：《中国酿造》2018年第9期6-11,共6页China Brewing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31590492;31270534;31470537);农业微生物发酵技术(2012td009)

摘　　要：酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)作为"细胞动力车间"能够生产生物燃料和工业产品,2,3-丁二醇(2,3-BD)是其重要的一种次级代谢产物,广泛应用于工业化生产。但野生型S.cerevisiae合成2,3-BD的效率低,制约着工业化生产进程,因此,应用代谢工程法优化代谢途径来解决这一问题极其重要。该研究对近年来利用代谢工程手段来提高S.cerevisiae 2,3-BD产量的策略进行了总结,主要包括:过表达2,3-BD合成途径中的关键酶编码基因;敲除编码乙醇、甘油、乙酸等分支途径的关键酶基因;利用可再生能源合成2,3-BD;应用辅因子工程手段对S.cerevisiae合成2,3-BD的代谢网络进行重新设计及合理改造等。对S.cerevisiae未来的研究方向进行了展望,为实现生物燃料2,3-BD的工业化生产提供了保障。Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a'cell power plant'and can produce biofuels and industrial products.2,3-butanediol(2,3-BD)is an important secondary metabolite of S.cerevisiae and is widely used in industrialized production.However,the low efficiency of synthesis of 2,3-BD by wild-type S.cerevisiae constrains the industrialized production process.Therefore,it is extremely important to solve this problem by using metabolic engineering to optimize the metabolic pathway of 2,3-BD.This study summarized the strategies of increasing the yield of 2,3-BD by S.cerevisiae using metabolic engineering in recent years,including overexpression of the key enzyme encoding genes in the 2,3-BD biosynthetic pathway,knocking of the key enzyme genes encoding ethanol.Glycerol,acetic acid and other branch pathway,2,3-BD was synthesized using renewable energy sources,and the synthesis metabolic network of 2,3-BD by S.cerevisiae was redesigned and rational transformed using cofactor engineering.Finally,the future research direction of S.cerevisiae was prospected.It provided the guarantee to the industrialized production of biofuel 2,3-BD.

关 键 词：2 3-丁二醇 酿酒酵母 代谢工程 策略 

分 类 号：TS261.1[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]