大学基础化学实验教学中学生科研素养的培养  

Cultivation of Scientific Literacy in the Teaching of Fundamental Chemistry Experiments

作　　者：宰建陶[1] 陈虹锦[1] ZAI Jiantao;CHEN Hongjin(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学化学化工学院,上海200240

出　　处：《实验室研究与探索》2018年第9期227-230,共4页Research and Exploration In Laboratory

基　　金：上海交通大学2016-2017学年本科课程教学改革研究项目(20161031)

摘　　要：阐述了大学基础化学实验教学实践的体验和感悟,逐步摸索、总结出了体现因材施教的实验教学新方法。该方法改变以教师为主体的实验教学模式,以学生为主讲解和讨论实验原理、方法和注意事项,循序渐进的加大自主设计性环节,凸显学生的主体地位。重视过程,强调带着问题一边研究、一边学习,提倡边研究边类比的学习方法;培养学生正确评价和分析实验结果,树立科学的成败观。以学生为主的问题式教学不仅需要学生加大投入,教师也要加大投入。教师要通过实验方案的修改、预实验、后勤保障和讨论等环节起到循循善诱的作用。通过充分发挥学生的学习主动性和在教学过程中的主导作用,可以有效培养学生的科学素养和团队协作能力,提高培养效果。Chemistry is a practical discipline.The acquisition of basic chemistry experimental skills would play an important role in cultivating students’operational abilities,scientific research methods,and scientific research attitudes.Once the skilled experimental abilities,proper research attitudes,scientific methods,and thinking patterns are equipped,students will definitely achieve a complete and promising status in their further study.The entire learning process is also the experience of scientific methodology which does better in talent training,compared to theoretical teaching mode.In the past few years,we explored a method for teaching undergraduate students the course of fundamental chemical experiment.Herein,our practice,experience and sentiment are summarized.It shows that this method obviously motivates the students to play a central role in learning the course,and further develops their scientific literacy and ability.

关 键 词：科研素养 基础化学 实验教学 教学方法 

分 类 号：G642.423[文化科学—高等教育学]