基于最小二乘法的车辆瞬态燃油消耗估计  

Estimation of Vehicle Instantaneous Fuel Consumption Based on Least Square Method

作　　者：张金辉[1] 李克强[1] 徐彪[1] 李红[1] Zhang Jinhui;Li Keqiang;Xu Biao;Li Hong(Tsinghua University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学,汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《汽车工程》2018年第10期1151-1157,共7页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1564208);国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0100905)资助。

摘　　要：精确的车辆瞬态燃油消耗估计是车辆节能控制研究的基础,稳态燃油消耗模型受燃油发动机的非线性工作特性、驾驶员的驾驶习惯、车辆行驶的环境、车辆行驶状态、车辆负载等多种因素影响,计算的瞬态燃油消耗与实际燃油消耗偏差较大,现有瞬态油耗模型参数不易标定,因此本文中通过车辆速度与加速度构建了一种新的瞬态燃油消耗估计模型。采用最小二乘法对模型中的参数进行求解,为进一步降低瞬态燃油消耗率的估计偏差,引入指数速度衰减的加权因子,即采用带指数衰减因子的最小二乘法求解油耗模型中的参数,并通过实车试验对瞬态油耗估计方法进行验证。试验结果表明,基于最小二乘法的油耗模型可精确地估计车辆瞬态油耗,带指数速度衰减因子的最小二乘法可进一步降低油耗模型的油耗估计偏差,且估计精度受车辆行驶状态和道路环境等因素影响较小。Accurate estimation of vehicle transient fuel consumption is a fundamental part of the energy-saving control.For the steady-state fuel consumption model,it is affected by many factors such as the non-linear working characteristic of the engine,driving habits,driving environment,driving state,vehicle load etc.The transient fuel consumption calculated by the model deviates greatly from the actual fuel consumption.For the existing transient fuel consumption model,the parameters are difficult to calibrate.Therefore,a new model utilizing vehicle speed and acceleration is built to estimate the instantaneous fuel consumption,and the least square method is employed to identity the parameters in this new model.In order to lower estimation error of the transient fuel consumption,exponential attenuation factor is added into the least square method,i.e.the least square method with exponential attenuation factor is utilized to identify the parameters of the new fuel consumption model.The effectiveness of the new fuel consumption estimation model is tested experimentally.The result shows that the new fuel consumption model based on the least square can estimate transient fuel consumption accurately,and that the fuel consumption model by the least square method with exponential attenuation factor produces lower estimation error and its estimation accuracy is hardly affected by the factors such as the driving state of the vehicle,the road environment,etc.

关 键 词：燃油消耗估计 瞬态油耗模型 最小二乘 带衰减因子的最小二乘 

分 类 号：U471.23[机械工程—车辆工程]