死刑复核的历史成因与批判  

The Historical Origin and criticism of Judicial Review of Death Sentence

作　　者：何永军 HE Yong-jun

机构地区：[1]云南大学,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《四川警察学院学报》2018年第5期40-48,共9页Journal of Sichuan Police College

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"把社会主义核心价值观融入刑事诉讼法治建设研究"(17VHJ004)

摘　　要：作为一种行政化的裁判程序,中国现行死刑复核程序有违现代司法规律,遭到了部分学者的批评,但是目前相关批评并没有对其合法性构成威胁。因为其拥有仁政、慎刑和优良文化传统等光环,立法者对其钟爱有加,使大多数人失去了对其展开反思和批判的勇气。要对中国古代死刑复核制度进行有效的批判,就必须首先揭去其面具,还原历史真相。帝制时代的中国皇帝们之所以创建死刑复核制度,是出于集权保位、保有天命和粉饰"作民父母"的需要,其是君主专制制度的产物,带有鲜明的专制集权色彩。故就本质来说,中国古代死刑复核制度是与现代法治精神格格不入的,在全面推进依法治国、保障人权的今天,我们应当将其废除。但鉴于长期以来该制度具有一定的纠错和救济功能,故也不能一废了事,而应在废除它的同时建立死刑案件的第三审程序,以弥补中国现行两审终审制在救济和纠错上的不足。As an administrative referee procedure,the judicial review of death sentence is contrary to modern judicial rule,and it is criticized by some scholars.But at present the related criticism does not pose a threat to its legitimacy.Be?cause it reflects the idea of benevolent governance,cautious punishment and fine cultural traditions lawmakers love,which makes the majority lose the courage to introspect and criticize over it.In order to criticize the death penalty review system ef?fectively,we must uncover its mask of hypocrisy and restore the historical truth first.In the era of imperial China,emperors created the death penalty review system out of the needs of centralization,preservation of destiny and maintain the image of the parents"for people".It's the product of the autocratic monarchy system,with intense authoritarian color.So in terms of nature,judicial review of death sentence is out of step with modern spirit of the rule of law,which should be abolished to pro?mote the rule of law,and safeguard human rights.But considering its correction and remedy functions,we cannot abolish it simply.A third trial procedure for death penalty cases should be established at the same time to compensate for the short?comings of the current system of the second instance as the final in China.

关 键 词：死刑复核 慎刑 皇帝 天人感应 三审终审制 

分 类 号：DF7[政治法律—诉讼法学]