陈献章的内圣外王之学与仕隐心态  

Chen Xianzhang's Mind of Inner Sageliness and Outer Kingliness and His Hermit Mentality

作　　者：高美玲[1,2] GAO Meiling(Department of Humanities and Arts,Guangdong Engineering Vocational and Technical College,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510520,China;Lingnan Cultural Research Center,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工程职业技术学院人文艺术学院,广东广州510520 [2]华南师范大学岭南文化研究中心,广东广州510000

出　　处：《广州大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第11期90-96,共7页Journal of Guangzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：<广州大典>与广州历史文化研究资助专项课题(2016GZY14)

摘　　要：明代大儒陈献章作为中国思想史上一位承传创变的重要人物,进一步发展儒家内圣外王学说,使之与心性修养更紧密地结合起来,形成带有个人特色的内圣之学。作为一位真正的儒者,他对贯穿儒家血脉的内圣外王之学的执着使他无法忘却肩负的道义与责任,想以"出仕"的方式完成个人在社会中的事功和作用。虽屡踬于南宫,却终无缘仕进。然而面临的社会环境及其个人处境迫使他不敢苟仕,也不可苟止,在林下隐"外王"而显"内圣"。陈献章的"内圣外王之学"与微妙而复杂的"仕隐"心态密切交织,一方面表现出积极的入世精神,救世泽民;另一方面又远离现实,以出世的姿态游览仙山神境,排遣苦痛,具有外儒内道的倾向。As an important person in the history of Chinese thoughts,Chen Xianzhang,a great Confucian scholar in the Ming dynasty,had further developed the Confucian doctrine of the inner sageliness and outer kingliness,which was combined more closely with the spiritual cultivation to form the doctrine of the inner sanctity with personal characteristics.As a real Confucian,his dedication to the study of the inner sanctity and the outer royalty throughout the blood of Confucianism made him unable to forget the moral obligations and responsibilities he shouldered,but he wanted to accomplish his work and function in the society in the way of″becoming an official″.He tripped in the south palace but failed to enter the palace.The social environment and personal situation he faced forced him to be reluctant to do so,and prevent him from doing so.He tried to hide the outer kingliness but manifest the inner sageliness.Chen Xianzhang′s research into the inner sageliness and the outer kingliness was closely intertwined with his subtle and complex″hermit″mentality.On the one hand,he exhibited the positive spirit of mundanity to save the world and benefit the people.On the other hand,he became isolated from the reality,visiting the sacred mountains,trying to be relieved,and appearing to be externally Confucian but internally Taoist.

关 键 词：陈献章 内圣外王之学 仕隐 心态 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学] B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]