防治大米镉污染的生物及农作技术研究进展  

Advacnes on biological and farming technology for the prevention and treatment of cadmium in rice

作　　者：沈珺珺[1,2] 林亲录[1] 罗非君[1] SHEN Jun-jun;LIN Qin-lu;LUO Fei-jun(National Engineering laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology ,Changsha, Hunan 110004,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology ,Changsha , Hunan 410004, China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学稻谷及副产物深加工国家工程实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《食品与机械》2018年第12期172-175,210,共5页Food and Machinery

基　　金：粮油深加工与品质控制湖南省2011协同创新项目(编号:448)

摘　　要：从分析中国大米镉污染的严峻程度和地域分布现状着手,综述采用生物技术及杂交技术和基因工程技术改变水稻的性状进而降低大米中镉的富集,微生物吸附和发酵等技术降低大米镉含量的方法;还从农作技术方面介绍添加不同肥料以降低土壤镉含量的方法。指出利用基因工程直接进行转基因和靶基因的敲除与敲低的方法虽然精准高效,但在食品安全方面尚存在争议。而通过筛选低镉富集品种,杂交技术和微生物转化镉大米则为防治大米镉污染提供了有效的生物技术途径,在土壤中添加不同的肥料降低土壤镉含量的方法的农作技术,对于当前的农业生产来说是成本低且行之有效的方法。In this paper,on account of the current situation that some rice have high cadmium content or even exceeds the national standard,the severity and regional distribution currently at home and abroad are analyzed.The necessity of controlling cadmium pollution of rice was revealed,and the methods of biotechnology and farming at home and abroad were systematically integrated,such as screening low cadmium enriched rice varieties using biological technology,hybrid technology and genetic engineering technology that includes transgene technology,gene knockout and gene silencing to improve rice traits.The microbial adsorption method and fermentation technology to reduce the cadmium content in rice,and employing farming technology that adding different fertilizer to reduce soil cadmium content were also disscussed.All theses methods provide effective ways to control rice cadmium pollution.

关 键 词：大米 镉污染 生物技术 农作技术 

分 类 号：X56[环境科学与工程—环境工程]