语言和文化对自我参照条件下提取诱发遗忘的影响——来自汉族人和摩梭人的证据  

Influence of language and culture on retrieval-induced forgetting under the self-referential condition: Evidence from the Han and the Mosuo

作　　者：王斌 付雅 张积家[1] WANG Bin;FU Ya;ZHANG Jijia(Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,The State Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Research Centerfor Language,Cultural,and Psychology,Key Research Center for National Psychology and Education,the National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地,北京100872

出　　处：《心理学报》2019年第4期450-461,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助)项目"语言影响人格:来自双语者与双言者的行为与生理证据"(项目编号:17XNL002)阶段性成果;中国人民大学心理学系科研项目资助

摘　　要：采用提取诱发遗忘范式考察摩梭人和汉族人在自我参照、母亲参照、姨母参照和他人参照条件下的加工规律,发现摩梭人被试在自我参照、母亲参照、姨母参照条件下都未出现提取诱发遗忘,而在一般他人参照条件下出现了提取诱发遗忘;汉族被试在自我参照、母亲参照条件下未出现提取诱发遗忘,而在姨母参照、他人参照条件下出现了提取诱发遗忘。这表明,不同的文化和语言影响人的自我构建,在汉族人的自我结构中包含有母亲,而摩梭人将母亲、姨母皆作为重要的他人纳入自我建构中,使得母亲参照和姨母参照产生与自我参照同样的记忆优势。Retrieval-induced forgetting(RIF)refers to the phenomenon,in which individuals may forget related information during the retrieval process whenever they try to remember something.Studies have shown that"self-reference"is one of the boundary conditions of RIF in the Western cultural context,indicating that RIF is only eliminated when the recalled materials are related to self-concept(known as the"self-referential effect").In the Chinese culture,however,RIF was observed under the conditions of self-reference and maternal reference.The Mosuo people are raised in a matrilineal society,in which they are familiar with their mothers and aunts to the same extent.Such people consider their aunts and natural mothers as equally important.Conversely,the Han is a patriarchal society that differs considerably from the orientation of the Mosuo's.This study aimed to explore the influence of the culture and language of the Mosuo and Han on their self-cognition and processing,especially the influence of their aunts on their self-conception.Tested participants included 131 Mosuo and 126 Han from Yunnan's Ninglang District.The experiment had a 2(Nationality:the Mosuo,the Han)×4(Conditions:Self-reference,Mother-reference,Aunt-reference,Other-reference)×3(Retrieval Factor:Rp+,Rp-,or Nrp items)design.Nationality and condition were manipulated as between-subject factors,and the retrieval factor was manipulated as a within-subject factor.The study had four phases.(1)Study phase:Participants were shown Chinese characters on the monitor,with a series of 32 category exemplars in random order.They were instructed to memorize the exemplars while associating them with the paired category.(2)Retrieval-practice phase:Here,participants were sequentially presented with word-pair forms of eight cues that could probe their memory.Each cue comprised a category name and a first initial character of an exemplar.Participants were asked to recall the target exemplar in the written form in response to each cue.(3)Distractor phase:Participants were reque

关 键 词：提取诱发遗忘 自我参照加工 母亲参照加工 姨母参照加工 跨文化研究 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B849[哲学宗教—心理学]