民营化对教育质量与公平的影响——以上海民办普通初中为例  

The Effect of Privatization on Educational Quality and Equality:Evidence from Shanghai Private Middle School

作　　者：祁翔 陈丽媛 QI Xiang;CHEN Liyuan

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学管理学院,上海200093 [2]上海交通大学高等教育研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2019年第1期105-122,190,共19页Peking University Education Review

摘　　要：基于2009年和2012年上海PISA数据,本文采用反事实模拟法考察民营化对教育质量与公平的影响。本文将民办普通初中进入教育市场视为民营化,以全体学生学业均值和学业分布衡量教育质量,以全体学生学业的校间差异和学业受家庭背景的影响程度衡量教育公平。研究发现,民营化在提高教育质量的同时,一定程度上有损教育公平。在质量方面,民营化不仅提高了全体学生学业均值,还改善了学业分布,不同学业基础的学生的成绩均有提高。然而,民营化却使公办学校的平均学业表现下降。在公平方面,民营化扩大了全体学生学业的校间差异,加深学业受家庭背景的影响程度。本文结合上海的教育制度环境对此进行了解释,并就民营化如何在提高教育质量的同时改善教育公平提出了建议。Based on the PISA 2009 and 2012 database for Shanghai, this paper investigates the effects of privatization on educational quality and equality by using counterfactual simulation. The existence of private middle schools is regarded as privatization. Educational quality is measured by average and overall academic performance, and educational equality is measured by variance of academic performance and the coefficient of socio-economic status on academic performance between schools. In Shanghai, the existence of private middle schools does not only improve the overall academic performance of students, but also increases students average academic performance. The existence of private middle school, however, associates with lower academic performance for public school students on average. With regards to the effects of private school practice on educational equality, the existence of private middle school expands the variance of academic performance between schools. Furthermore, it exacerbates the effect of socio-economic status on academic performance. This paper explains the findings mentioned above from perspective of institution and environment, and also provides some suggestions on the practice of private school including how to improve educational quality without reinforcing educational inequality in the privatization of schools.

关 键 词：教育民营化 教育质量 教育公平 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]