小粒咖啡不同海拔土壤肥力现状及变化特征  

Status Quo and Variation of Soil Fertility in Different Altitude of Coffea arabica L.

作　　者：赵明珠[1] 吴婷 唐瑾 马关润 郭铁英[1] 萧自位[1] 苏琳琳[1] 周华[1] 白学慧[1] ZHAO Mingzhu;WU Ting;TANG Jin;MA Guanrun;GUO Tieying;XIAO Ziwei;SU Linlin;ZHOU Hua;BAI Xuehui(Dehong Tropical Agriculture Sciences Institute of Yunnan Province,Ruili,Yunnan 678600,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省德宏热带农业科学研究所,云南瑞丽678600

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2019年第4期629-637,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省科技社会发展科技计划项目(No.2015DC004);农业农村部物种品种资源保护(热带作物)项目(No.16RZZY-07-06)

摘　　要：全国第二次土壤普查迄今30年,小粒咖啡的土壤肥力不断更新变化,为实现土地资源的有效利用并促进咖啡产业的可持续发展,探寻小粒咖啡的土壤肥力现状和变化特征尤为重要。2015—2018年间对小粒咖啡6个主产区采集的大量土壤数据进行分析,研究咖啡地土壤肥力现状,并与第二次土壤普查数据相对比,得出咖啡土壤肥力的变化特征及原因。目前,小粒咖啡土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的平均值分别为5.53、32.68 g/kg、128.77 mg/kg、18.01 mg/kg和138.31 mg/kg,主要分布范围分别为4.5～5.5、>40 g/kg、120～150 mg/kg、10～20 mg/kg和100～150 mg/kg。小粒咖啡土壤肥力在不同海拔高度的分布均存在显著差异,pH和碱解氮含量随海拔高度增加而降低,有机质和有效磷含量随海拔高度增加而增加,速效钾含量随海拔高度的增加呈先增加后降低。与第二次土壤普查相比,目前小粒咖啡土壤呈酸化趋势,有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量明显降低,而有效磷含量显著提高。宜耕区长期频繁耕作、大量施用化学肥料,小粒咖啡土壤肥力变化显著。建议小粒咖啡主产区应控制磷肥施用量,推进咖啡秸秆、果皮发酵还田的力度,加快小粒咖啡土壤肥力的提高并达到养分供需平衡。The soil fertility of Coffea arabica L. was analyzed by massive data of soil sampled in six main producing regions in Yunnan Province during 2015?2018, and compared with the data obtained during the second national soil survey to explore the laws and causes of the variation of the soil fertility. Presently, the soil fertility of C. arabica L. in Yunnan was pH 4.5?5.5 or 5.53 on average, organic matter 32.68 g/kg, alkalystic N 128.77 mg/kg, available P 18.01 mg/kg, and available K 138.31 mg/kg. The soil fertility had significant difference in different altitudes. pH and the content of alkalystic N decreased, the content of soil organic matter and available P increased, and the content of available K increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude. Compared with the results from the second national soil survey, the soil pH, the content of organic matter, alkalystic N and available K decreased while available P increased significantly. The soil fertility varied significantly due to long-term frequent tillage and large application of chemical fertilizers in suitable areas. It is suggested that the application amount of phosphate fertilizer should be controlled, and the returning of coffee straw and peel to the field should be promoted to achieve the balance of supply and demand for nutrient.

关 键 词：小粒咖啡 土壤肥力 海拔 全国第二次土壤普查 

分 类 号：S571.2[农业科学—作物学]