不同玉米芯含量对培养料中酶活和木耳产量及其子实体中氨基酸含量的影响  

Effects of Different Concentrations of Corncob on Substrate Enzyme Activities,Auricularia Auricula-judae Yield and Amino Acid Contents in Fruiting Bodies

作　　者：陈辉[1] 王倩[1] 汪虹[1] 赵静 郝海波 隽加香 陈明杰[1] 张津京[1] CHEN Hui;WANG Qian;WANG Hong;ZHAO Jing;HAO Haibo;JUAN Jiaxiang;CHEN Mingjie;ZHANG Jinjing(Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization(South),Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China,National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,National R&D Center for Edible Fungi Processing,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai,Shanghai 201403 ,China;Shanghai Bright Esunyes Bio-tech Co., Ltd,Shanghai 201408)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,国家食用菌加工技术研发中心,上海市农业遗传育种重点开放实验室,上海201403 [2]上海光明森源生物科技有限公司,上海201408

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2019年第2期45-53,共9页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会国内合作项目(18395800300);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07202004);上海市食用菌产业技术体系(201907)

摘　　要：探讨玉米芯含量不同对木耳(Auricularia auricula-judae)培养料中木质素酶和纤维素酶以及子实体产量和氨基酸含量的影响,设置培养料中玉米芯含量分别为10%、30%、50%和70%,在菌丝生长满袋后(菌丝期)和子实体期(第4潮耳出菇期)分别从菌袋的上中下3个部位取培养料混合,测定酶活及木质素和纤维素含量;采收子实体统计4潮菇的产量并测定子实体中氨基酸含量。结果表明:当培养料中玉米芯含量为50%时,菌丝生长速度最快。在菌丝期,当培养料中玉米芯含量为70%时木质素过氧化物酶活性最高,当玉米芯含量为50%时锰过氧化物酶活性最高,漆酶活性随玉米芯含量的增加而降低;羧甲基纤维素酶在4个配方中活性均较高,其中当玉米芯含量为30%时酶活性最高;随玉米芯含量的增加,N-乙酰β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性升高,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,当玉米芯含量为50%时酶活性达到最高。在子实体期,除木质素过氧化物酶和漆酶外,其余几种酶随玉米芯含量的增加,活性的变化规律均与菌丝期不同。在菌丝期,随玉米芯含量增加,培养料中的木质素含量逐渐减少,纤维素含量逐渐增加;在子实体期,随玉米芯含量增加,培养料中的木质素和纤维素含量均先减少后增加,当培养料中玉米芯含量为50%时含量最低。当培养料中玉米芯含量为50%时子实体每袋总单产和总产量均最高;当玉米芯含量为30%时,子实体中氨基酸及其衍生物含量最高,其中包括人体必需的8种氨基酸。因此培养料中添加玉米芯可以提高与木质素、纤维素降解相关的酶活性,但是不同的酶在不同含量玉米芯的培养料中分泌规律存在差异。Effects of different concentrations of corncob on substrate ligninase and cellulase activities, fruiting body yield and amino acid contents of Auricularia auricula-judae were investigated.The corncob content in the substrate was 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% respectively. After the mycelia grew full of bags (mycelium stage) and fruiting body stage (4^th flush), the substrates were sampled from the upper, middle and lower regions of the bags to determine enzyme activities, lignin content and cellulose content. The 4^th flush of fruiting bodies were collected for amino acid analysis.It was found that the mycelium growth rate was the fastest when the corncob content in the substrate was 50%. In the mycelium stage, the lignin peroxidase activity was the highest when the corncob content in the substrate was 70%, the manganese peroxidase activity was the highest when the corncob content was 50%, and the laccase activity decreased with the increase of the corncob content. Carboxymethyl cellulase activity was high in all the 4 treatments, especially when the content of corncob was 30%.The activity of N-acetyl-β-glucosidase increased with the increase of corncob content. The activities of β-1,3-glucanase,β-glucosidase and endo-β-1,4-glucosidase increased first and then decreased, which peaked when the corncob content was 50%. In the fruiting body stage, the enzymes except lignin peroxidase and laccase increased with the increase of corncob content, which were different from the mycelium stage.In the mycelium stage,with the increase of corncob content, the lignin content in the substrate gradually decreased, and the cellulose content gradually increased.In the fruiting body stage, with the increase of corncob content, lignin and cellulose contents in the substrate decreased first and then increased, and the lowest contents were found when the corncob content in the substrate was 50%.When the content of corncob was 50%, the total unit yield per bag of fruiting body was the highest;when the content of corncob was 30%, the conten

关 键 词：木耳 玉米芯 产量 酶活 氨基酸 

分 类 号：S646.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]