双语与双言影响心理理论内隐系统与外显系统的分离  

Dissociation of Implicit and Explicit Systems of Theory of Mind: Evidence from Mandarin-English Bilinguals and Cantonese-Mandarin Diglossias

作　　者：王婷 王丹[1] 张积家[1] WANG Ting;WANG Dan;ZHANG Jijia(Key Research Center for National Psychology and Education, the National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2019年第4期442-451,共10页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：国家民委民族研究重点项目“少数民族学生双语学习认知规律研究”（2017-GMA-004）;全国民族教育研究合作课题“少数民族心理健康和文化适应状况调查及对策研究”（MJZXHZ15003）;中国人民大学科学研究基金（中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助）项目“社会变迁背景下的社会排斥研究”成果（16XNLQ05）

摘　　要：采用身份一致性实验和位置转移实验,考察普通话单语单言者、普通话-英语双语者和粤语-普通话双言者在错误信念理解中的内隐行为和外显行为,揭示双语或双言对心理理论的内隐系统与外显系统的影响.实验1表明,当情境复杂时,内隐系统在推测他人信念时容易出现错误,粤语-普通话双言者的表现好于普通话-英语双语者,普通话-英语双语者的表现好于普通话单语单言者;外显系统能够有效地解决问题,3组被试的外显反应无显著差异.实验2表明,当情境简单时,3组被试的外显行为差异不显著,但粤语-普通话双言者与普通话-英语双语者对正确位置的平均注视时间显著长于普通话单语单言者.整个研究表明,在信念推理时,内隐行为和外显行为出现了分离,证实了心理理论双系统的存在.语言能力对心理理论的内隐系统具有重要影响.Theory of mind refers to the ability to understand other people’s beliefs, intentions and emotions. Apperly proposed the dualsystem theory that theory of mind includes two systems, the implicit and the explicit systems. The present research aimed to provide evidence for the two systems of theory of mind among subjects with different language abilities. Twenty-four mandarin monolinguals, twenty Mandarin-English bilinguals and twenty-two Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals participated the present experiments. Combining behavioral and eye movement measures, the identity test and location test were conducted to examine the theory of mind among subjects. Results showed that Mandarin-English bilinguals and Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals had more accurate first fixations and longer fixation times at the correct position. Participants showed significant dissociation between their implicit and explicit behaviors in the theory of mind tasks, which furtherly supports the dual-system view upon theory of mind, and helps us have a better understanding about the underlying mechanism of theory of mind.

关 键 词：心理理论 内隐系统 外显系统 双语 双言 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]