1992份凉拌菜微生物污染状况检测结果分析  

Microbial contamination of 1,992 Chinese salad

作　　者：李莹 裴晓燕 遇晓杰[2] 刘成伟[3] 梁辉[4] 杨庆文[5] 乔玫[6] 何源[7] 杨大进 LI Ying;PEI Xiao-yan;YU Xiao-jie;LIU Cheng-wei;LIANG Hui;YANG Qing-wen;QIAO Mei;HE Yuan;YANG Da-jin(China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, Beijing 100022, China)

机构地区：[1]国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京100022 [2]黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150036 [3]江西省疾病预防控制中心,江西南昌330029 [4]广东省疾病预防控制中心,广东广州511430 [5]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650022 [6]山西省疾病预防控制中心,山西太原030012 [7]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第15期2723-2727,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：新发和重要食源性疾病传播机制及疾病负担研究(No.2017YFC1601503);国家食品安全风险评估中心高层次人才队伍建设523项目

摘　　要：目的掌握我国凉拌菜的微生物污染状况和特征。方法在全国采集散装即食凉拌菜1 992份,按照GB 4789规定的方法,对样品中大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌进行检验。结果凉拌菜中大肠埃希氏菌>100 CFU/g的比例为24.70%,沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检出率分别为1.71%和2.26%、金黄色葡萄球菌>10~4 CFU/g和蜡样芽胞杆菌>10~5 CFU/g的样品比例均为0.05%。荤、素凉拌菜金黄色葡萄球菌检出率差异有统计学意义,分别为4.85%和2.24%。夏季大肠埃希氏菌>100 CFU/g的比例为29.04%、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率分别为3.74%和11.03%,明显高于秋季(上述指标分别为21.00%、1.87%、5.48%)。小型餐馆大肠埃希氏菌计数>100 CFU/g的比例和蜡样芽胞杆菌的检出率较高,分别为34.60%和12.53%,农贸市场金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率较高,为4.59%。结论凉拌菜的整体卫生问题值得关注,尤其是夏季,小型餐馆和农贸市场的卫生状况欠佳,应作为今后监控重点考虑的因素。Objective To investigate the microbial contamination of Chinese salad in China.Methods 1 992 Chinese salad samples were collected in a random sampling way and analyzed for Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus,according to the method specified in GB 4789.Results E.coli result higher than 100 CFU/g was found in 24.70% of the total samples.The detection rates of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were 1.71% and 2.26%,respectively.Staphylococcus aureus results higher than 10~4 CFU/g and Bacillus cereus results higher than 10~5 CFU/g were both found in 0.05% of the total samples.The detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus in meaty and vegetarian samples were 4.85% and 2.24%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant.In summer,29.04% samples had E.coli results higher than 100 CFU/g,and the detection rates of staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus were 3.74% and 11.03%,which were significantly higher than the results in autumn(21.00%,1.87%,5.48%).The sample proportion of E.coli results higher than 100 CFU/g and the detection rate of Bacillus cereus was significantly higher in small restaurants(34.60% and 12.53%,respectively).The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in farmer’s markets(4.59%).Conclusion The sanitary quality of Chinese salad is not good,especially in summer.Small restaurants and farmer’s markets should be a priority for future monitoring.

关 键 词：凉拌菜 大肠埃希氏菌 沙门菌 单核细胞增生李斯特菌 金黄色葡萄球菌 蜡样芽胞杆菌 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]