二胎孕前妇女营养现状调查与影响因素分析  

Nutritional status and influencing factors with women before second pregnancy

作　　者：孙玲玲[1] 蒲杰[1] 敖丽 何丹[1] 汪雪雁[1] 席娜[1] 郑姝娟[1] 李京梅[1] SUN Ling-ling;PU Jie;AO Li;HE Dan;WANG Xue-yan;XI Na;ZHENG Shu-juan;LI Jing-mei(Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610045, China)

机构地区：[1]四川省妇幼保健院,四川成都610045 [2]成都医学院临床医学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第15期2731-2734,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心合生元母婴营养与健康研究项目2016FYH007

摘　　要：目的通过调查二胎孕前妇女的营养现状,评估其影响因素,以改善母体营养状况以降低导致不良妊娠结局的风险,为四川地区开展孕前妇女的健康教育和营养知识普及提供科学依据,保证母婴健康,提高人口出生素质。方法选取2016年8月至2017年5月间在四川省妇幼保健院二胎门诊就诊和孕前咨询的665例二胎孕前妇女作为研究对象,通过问卷调查二胎孕前妇女营养现状,抽血化验营养相关生化指标,通过体成分分析仪检测蛋白质含量、矿物质含量、体脂肪含量。结果绝大多数孕前妇女的血红蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、血糖水平正常(96.17%、96.27%、97.48%达标),但总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平达标比例偏低(63.81%、59.27%达标),维生素B12、维生素D明显摄入不足(47.98%、0.91%达标),叶酸摄入正常或偏高(35.89%达标,其他摄入高于参考值上限)。检测孕前妇女体成分发现,蛋白质、矿物质含量显著低于目标值(7.29 vs 8.03、2.71 vs 2.81),体脂肪含量显著高于目标值(17.43 vs 12.16)(P<0.05)。孕前妇女营养KAP评分良好率、合格率仅为13.5%和39.2%,文化程度低、人均月收入低、备孕时间短和孕次少是KAP评分的影响因素。结论对四川地区孕前妇女开展优生检查、健康教育和干预,加强对孕前营养知识普及和营养指导,提高孕前妇女及其家属的营养保健知识和意识,调整饮食结构达到全面均衡的营养,从而保证母婴健康,提高人口出生素质。Objective To investigate the nutritional status of women before second pregnancy,and to evaluate the influencing factors in order to improve the maternal nutrition status and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes,so as to provide scientific basis for the popularization of health education and nutrition knowledge for pre-pregnant women in Sichuan in order to ensure maternal and infant health and improve the quality of birth.Methods 665 women before the second pregnancy in Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital from August 2016 to May 2017 were selected as the research subject.The nutritional status of second pregnant women before pregnancy was investigated by questionnaire.The biochemical indexes of nutrition were tested by a blood test.The contents of protein,mineral content and body fat were detected by the body composition analyzer.Results The majority of pregnant women had normal levels of hemoglobin,high-density lipoprotein and blood sugar(96.17%,96.27%,97.48%),but low levels of total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein(63.81%,59.27%)and insufficient intake of vitamin B12 and vitamin D(47.98%,0.91%).Folic acid intake was normal or high(35.89% reached the standard and another intake was higher than the upper limit of reference value).The body composition of pregnant women showed that the contents of protein and minerals were significantly lower than the target values(7.29 vs 8.03,2.71 vs 2.81),and the body fat content was significantly higher than the target values(17.43 vs 12.16)(P<0.05).The good rate and qualified rate of nutritional KAP score of pregnant women were only 13.5% and 39.2%.Low education level,low per capita monthly income,short pregnant time and less pregnant times were the influencing factors of KAP score.Conclusion The before second pregnancy in Sichuan area should carry out eugenics,health education and intervention,strengthen the popularization of prenatal nutrition knowledge and nutrition guidance,improve the nutrition and health knowledge and awareness of pre-pregnan

关 键 词：孕前 营养 知识-态度-行为 影响因素 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]