在“神秘信徒”与“浑圆天禀”之间——赫尔曼·洛采与19世纪中叶德国的唯物主义之争  

Between "Mysterious Believers" and "Perfect Nature"——Hermann Lotze and the materialism debate in Germany in the mid-19th century

作　　者：周凡 Zhou Fan(School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Research Center for Value and Culture Studies,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院 [2]价值与文化研究中心

出　　处：《学术交流》2019年第9期31-44,191,共15页Academic Exchange

摘　　要：从1854年9月18日正式开始,德国思想界爆发了一场关于唯物主义的争论。很多科学家和哲学家卷入其中,围绕争论的问题纷纷发表演讲、论文和著作。洛采虽然不愿意介入争论,但是最终还是被争论双方的主辩手拖入了这场持续几年的争论中。为了回应科学唯物主义者的指责,洛采发表了四篇评论文章,并出版了著名的《论辨集》。在这些文本中,洛采对科学唯物主义基于感觉论的狭隘经验主义提出了批评,借助于这种批评,洛采表达了自己对唯物主义的独特理解。在争论中,洛采自始至终站在中间立场上而不彻底倒向任何一方,他既不主张用观念论取代唯物主义,也不同意用唯物主义吞并观念论。作为一位机敏的科学家,同时又作为一位观念论哲学家,洛采最大的希望是科学与形而上学能够建立一种建设性的关系,在这种关系中,科学和形而上学就如肉体与灵魂一样,相互独立而又相互作用。September 18 of 1854 witnessed an outbreak of the debate on materialism in German ideological circles.Many scientists and philosophers were involved in it,and they had made speeches,papers and books concerning the controversial issues.Although Lotze was unwilling to intervene in the debate,he was eventually dragged by the debaters of both sides into it lasting for several years.In response to the criticism of scientific materialists,Lotze published four critical articles and a well-known Collection of Arguments .In these works,Lotze criticized the narrow empiricism of scientific materialism based on sensation theory,expressing his unique understanding of materialism.In the debate,he stood in the middle position from beginning to end and did not completely turn to either side.The reason lay neither in his objection to replacing materialism with idealism,nor in agreement with overwhelming materialism prior to the former.As a shrewd scientist and philosopher of concepts,Lotze’s greatest hope was that science and metaphysics could establish a constructive relationship in which science and metaphysics,like the body and soul,interacted independently and interactively.

关 键 词：洛采 科学唯物主义 观念论 争论 形而上学 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]