幼儿中文语言词汇发展的研究  

Vocabulary development of toddlers in urban Beijing

作　　者：梁卫兰[1] 郝波[1] 王爽[1] 江玉卿[1] 杨艳玲[1] 张致祥[1] 左启华[1] Tardif T Fletcher P 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院儿科,100034 [2]美国密西根大学 [3]香港大学

出　　处：《中华儿科杂志》2002年第11期650-653,共4页Chinese Journal of Pediatrics

基　　金：香港政府基金资助 (HKU715 8199H)

摘　　要：目的　通过对中文早期语言与沟通发展量表 (CCDI)进行标准化研究 ,了解北京地区幼儿语言一些类型词汇的发展规律。方法　使用CCDI量表 ,采用父母报告形式 ,对 10 5 6名 16～ 3 0个月儿童的语言发展情况进行了研究。CCDI量表中共有 799个词 ,包含了幼儿期经常用到的绝大部分词汇 ,按照词形和用途将其分为 2 4类 ,包括 11类名词 (人称、吃和喝的、身体部分、动物、衣服、车等 ) ,其他还有动词、代词、疑问词、数量词、量词、连词、感叹词等。结果　 16个月儿童平均会说CCDI量表中 79个词汇 ,其中名词 3 8个 ,动词 2 1个。3 0个月儿童平均会说CCDI量表中 70 9个词汇 ,其中名词3 3 4个 ,会说动词 177个。 16个月时 ,幼儿还很少使用代词、疑问词和量词等这些功能词 ,到 19个月以后幼儿才逐渐开始使用 ,随后发展速度很快 ,3 0个月幼儿可平均会说量词 16个 ,代词 18个、疑问词10个。多数类型词汇女童较男童超前 1～ 2个月。结论　 16～ 3 0个月是幼儿词汇的快速发展期 ,代词、疑问词和量词的使用一般在 19个月才开始 ,以后发展速度很快 ,3 0个月的幼儿已经可表达 70Objective To conduct a norming study of the Chinese Communicative Development Inventory (CCDI ) and to study vocabulary development of toddlers in urban Beijing. Method Using CCDI (Putonghua version), parents of 1 056 toddlers (16-30 month) were asked to report their children′s language abilities. The CCDI -Putonghua version is a 799 word vocabulary checklist that covers the most common words produced by Putonghua-speaking toddlers. The words are organized into 24 semantic categories, 11 of which are comprised exclusively of nouns (people, food and drink, body parts, animals, small household items, toys, clothing, furniture and rooms, outsaid things, vehicles, and places to go). Additional categories include games and routines, verbs, adjectives, words about time, pronouns, interrogatives, prepositions and locations, quantifiers, and classifiers. Results Sixteen-month-old children could say an average of 79 words, representing 10% of the total words appearing on the CCDI. Among these words 38 were nouns (11% of all nouns on the list) and 21 were verbs (11% of all verbs on the list). By 30 months, children could say an average of 709 words on the CCDI, including 334 nouns (90% of all nouns) and 117 verbs (91% of all verbs). The speed at which children acquire nouns and verbs was similar. At 19 months of age, the children also began to use classifiers, interrogatives and pronouns. After this age, the development of these words increased. By 30 months, children could say an average of 16 classifiers (79% of category), 18 pronouns (80% of category), and 10 interrogatives (90% of category). For most types of words, the mean production scores tended to be higher for females than for males of the same age. Conclusions From 16-30 months of age, the development of the children′s words was rapid for content words, including both nouns and verbs. By 30 months, the children could produce more than 700 words, including more than 300 nouns and 177 verbs. After 19 months, the Chinese-speaking children began to use

关 键 词：语言发展 儿童语言 词汇 

分 类 号：G613[文化科学—学前教育学]