助动词「る·らる」的敬语功能分析  

An Analysis of the Honorific Expressions of "Ru/Raru"

作　　者：李延坤[1] Li Yankun(Dalian Maritime University,China Japanese Linguistics)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学外国语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2019年第4期62-69,共8页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

摘　　要：古语助动词“る·らる”在平安时代以后取代了"“る·らる”"的被动、可能和自发的三种功能,并在此基础上又增加了敬语功能,使“る·らる”完成了集"待遇表現"和“アスぺクト熊”于一身的结合,其敬意轻微且主语模糊。在与敬语动词连用时其功能表现为添加敬意、行为自发、可能转换或被动再现。院政时期“る·らる”敬语的使用迅速增加并趋于扩大。在室町时代已广泛使用于上层社会,尤其是多用于第三者不在会话现场的场合,从室町时代延续到江户时代并且一直到近代。本文通过例释的方法,在语言学理论框架下采用敬语礼貌策略原则,以历时性研究为线索探明“る·らる”的尊敬用法,以期今后对古语助动词的研究起到积极推动的作用。After the Heian period,the three functions of"Yu/Rayu"—passivity,possibility,and spontaneity--were replaced by"Ru/Raru".On this basis,the usage of honorifics was added to"Ru/Raru",which achieved a perfect combination of appro?priate communication and tense.In the Heian period,the sense of honorifics was slight,and the subject was ambiguous.When"Ru/Raru"is used with honorific verbs,it's function is the addition of an honorific,the spontaneity of behaviors,the possible transference or representation of passiveness.The use of"Ru/Raru"increased rapidly during the Insei period.In the Muromachi period,"Ru/Raru"was regarded as an honorific of"the lowest level",but it was widely used among the upper classes."Ru/Raru"was usually used in cases when a third party is not in the conversation,and this usage extends from the Muromachi Peri?od to modem times.This paper,through the method of case interpretation,under the framework of linguistic theory using politeness principle of honorific expressions,based on diachronic study clues to prove the respect usage of"Ru/Raru",aims to promote the study of ancient auxilary verbs.

关 键 词：古语助动词 "る·らる" 敬语 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]