鱼类罐头相关食品标准法规中组胺指标探讨  

Discussion on the index of histamine for canned fish in relative food standards and regulations

作　　者：谭彦君[1] 彭接文[1] 陈子慧[1] 陈少威 刘嘉欣[1] 黄锦达 TAN Yanjun;PENG Jiewen;CHEN Zihui;CHEN Shaowei;LIU Jiaxin;HUANG Jinda(Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health,Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangdong Guangzhou 511430,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心广东省公共卫生研究院

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2019年第4期389-393,共5页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(B2015077)

摘　　要：目的探讨鱼类罐头相关食品标准法规中组胺指标,为GB 7098—2015《食品安全国家标准罐头食品》中鱼类罐头组胺指标修订提供基础数据。方法整理分析国内外法规情况、我国水产品及其制品组胺中毒情况,统计分析广东省市售高组胺鱼类罐头中组胺含量、广东省成人居民鱼类罐头消费量数据及组胺参考限量值。结果我国的鱼类罐头(仅适用于鲐鱼、鲹鱼、沙丁鱼罐头)组胺限量标准为1 000 mg/kg,高于国际组织和国外的组胺限量标准;1998—2018年我国水产品及其制品组胺中毒报道案例共18例,引起组胺中毒食物检测含量最低为120 mg/kg,最高为3 820 mg/kg;广东省主要鱼类罐头生产地区采集鱼类罐头样品136份,组胺含量范围为未检出(ND)~488.8 mg/kg,组胺含量超过200 mg/kg的占3.7%(5/136),超过400 mg/kg的占1.5%(2/136);基于广东省成人居民鱼类罐头高消费人群(P97.5)消费量为120 g/次和无作用剂量(NOAEL,50 mg)得出鱼类罐头组胺参考限量值为417 mg/kg。结论GB 7098—2015鱼类罐头组胺指标限量值高,测定鱼品种少,建议我国开展高组胺鱼类罐头组胺风险评估,修订该标准鱼类罐头组胺指标。Objective The article aimed to discuss the index of histamine for canned fish in relative food standards and regulations,and provide basic data for the revision of the index of histamine for canned fish in GB 7098-2015.Methods Descriptive analyses were conducted for the index of histamine for canned fish in relative food standards and regulations in China and abroad,as well as the histamine fish poisoning(scombrotoxin fish poisoning,SFP)in China.Statistical analyses were conducted for the histamine levels of fish with high histamine contents in canned fish in Guangdong Province,the adult consumers only consumption of canned fish and the reference value of histamine in Guangdong Province.Results China has a maximum level of 1 000 mg/kg for histamine in canned fish(only applies to canned Chub Mackerel,Carangidae and Sardines),which is higher than the histamine limits in the international standard or foreign standards.From 1998 to 2018,a total of 18 cases of SFP were reported in China,with the lowest histamine level of 120 mg/kg and the highest level of 3 820 mg/kg.136 copies of canned fish samples were collected from the main production areas in Guangdong Province,and the histamine contents ranged from not detected(ND)to 488.8 mg/kg with 3.7%(5/136)exceeding 200 mg/kg and 1.5%(2/136)exceeding 400 mg/kg.Based on 120 g per consumption,which was the P97.5 consumption among canned fish adults consumers only in Guangdong Province and no observed adverse effect level(NOAEL,50 mg),the reference value of histamine in canned fish was 417 mg/kg.Conclusion The current national food safety standard GB 7098-2015 had a high histamine limit value for canned fish,moreover,only a few of fish species were required to determine the histamine levels.To revise the index of histamine in canned fish of the standard,it was suggested to conduct a risk assessment in canned fish with high histamine contents in China.

关 键 词：组胺 标准 鱼类罐头 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]