中文阅读中词汇加工的年老化:眼动证据  

Aging Effects on Word Processing in Chinese Reading:Evidences from Eye Movements

作　　者：刘志方 仝文[2] 张骏 LIU Zhifang;TONG Wen;ZHANG Jun(College of Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121;Department of Psychology,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041000)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学教育学院,杭州311121 [2]山西师范大学心理学系,临汾041000

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2019年第6期665-677,共13页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(17CYY059)

摘　　要：本研究探讨年老化影响中文阅读中词汇加工过程的特点,包含两项实验。实验一探讨老年与青年读者在词频效应上的差异,实验二探讨老年与青年读者在语境预测性效应上的差异。结果发现:(1)相对于青年读者,老年读者注视目标词汇的时间较长、再注视回视较多、跳读较少;(2)在首次注视时间、凝视时间和眼跳参数上,年龄组别与词频之间交互作用不显著,但对目标词汇的总注视时间上,年龄组别与词频之间交互作用显著;(3)在所有注视时间指标和回视概率上,均发现年龄组别与语境预测性影响之间交互作用显著。结论:中文老年读者阅读时的词汇加工效率低于青年人;中文阅读中眼跳策略与词汇加工的年老化模式有语言特殊性特点。Evidences have shown that aging enlarger the frequency effects in alphabetic languages reading,however,aging effects on predictability effects were not consistent between English and German. Present studies explored the aging effects on word processing in Chinese reading by tracing the eye movements of young and older adults when they reading. With two experiments we explored the age differences in word frequency and predictability effects respectively. The results have shown that(1) comparing to young adults,older adults fixated words for longer time,re-fixated and regressed more often,skipped less often,(2) the interaction between age groups and word frequency were not reliable on first fixation duration,and gaze duration on the target words,however,(3) interaction between age groups and word predictability were significant on all the fixation time and regression probability,the word predictability effect of older adults were lager than that of young adults. Thus these results indicated that aging lead to a decline in the efficiency of word processing,and the aging effects on eye movement control and word processing in Chinese reading were different from those in alphabetic languages reading.

关 键 词：中文阅读 词汇加工 年老化 眼动 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]