车轮型面圆弧参数及其对轮轨接触和车辆动力学影响研究  

Research on Arc Parameters of Wheel Profile and Its Influence on Wheel-Rail Contact and Vehicle Dynamics

作　　者：宋志坤[1] 孙琛 成棣 王皓 胡晓依 SONG Zhikun;SUN Chen;CHENG Di;WANG Hao;HU Xiaoyi(School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Railway Science&Technology Research&Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2019年第6期104-113,共10页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划课题(2017G011-A,2017J003-B)

摘　　要：在调研国内外高速铁路车轮型面的基础上,采用4段圆弧描述车辆正常运行时车轮与钢轨接触的主要区段,提出表示这些区段的6个圆弧参数,包括4段圆弧的半径(R5,R6,R7,R8)以及中间2段圆弧的圆心横坐标(xR6,xR7)。以CRH380B型高速动车组为例,采用单因素分析方法进行车轮型面圆弧参数对轮轨接触和车辆动力学性能的影响分析。结果表明:R5和R8对轮轨接触和车辆动力学性能的影响很小,R6和xR6对车辆曲线通过性能影响较大,R7和xR7对轮轨接触和车辆直线运行性能影响较大;在进行车轮型面优化设计时,应根据现有的车轮型面参数将R5和R8取为固定值,仅将R6,xR6,R7和xR7作为关键圆弧参数;当其他圆弧参数取默认值时,R7大于475 mm或xR7小于19 mm时名义等效锥度小于0.08,容易产生低锥度晃车,导致临界速度小于200 km·h^-1;为改善目前存在的低锥度晃车问题,应将R7和xR7作为重点优化设计参数。On the basis of investigating the wheel profiles of high-speed railway at home and abroad, four arc sections were used to describe the main contact areas between wheels and rails during the normal operation of vehicles. Six arc parameters were proposed to describe these areas, including the radius(R5, R6, R7, R8) of four arc sections and the horizontal coordinates(xR6, xR7) of the center of the two arc sections. Taking the CRH380 B high-speed EMU as an example, the single factor analysis method was used to analyze the influence of wheel profile arc parameters on wheel-rail contact and vehicle dynamic performance. Results show that R5 and R8 have little effect on wheel-rail contact and vehicle dynamics. R6 and xR6 have great influence on the curve negotiation performance of vehicle. R7 and xR7 have great influence on wheel-rail contact and the operation performance of vehicle on straight line. In the optimization design of wheel profile, R5 and R8 should be taken as fixed values according to the existing wheel profile parameters, and only R6, xR6, R7 and xR7 should be used as key arc parameters. When other arc parameters take the default values, the nominal equivalent conicity is less than 0.08 when R7 is greater than 475 mm or xR7 is less than 19 mm, which is easy to produce the shake of EMUs caused by low conicity, resulting in a critical velocity less than 200 km·h^-1. Therefore, in order to improve the existing shake of EMUs caused by low conicity, R7 and xR7 should be used as the key optimization design parameters.

关 键 词：车轮型面优化 圆弧参数 轮轨接触 车辆动力学 等效锥度 临界速度 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]