乡村振兴战略背景下小规模学校教师精准补充机制研究  

A Research on the Precise Supplement Mechanism of Small-scale School Teachers Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy

作　　者：张学敏[1] 赖昀[1] ZHANG Xuemin;LAI Yun(Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities/Faculty of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学西南民族教育与心理研究中心/教育学部

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2019年第6期47-54,共8页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：重庆市高校人文社科重点研究基地项目“民族教育现代化”[18SKB048]

摘　　要：乡村教师是推动乡村地区义务教育质量提升的中坚力量,乡村小规模学校教师在补齐城乡教育一体化的短板上意义重大。然而,当前乡村小规模学校师资虽然总量充足,实际却不能满足教学需求,根源在于教师补充的精准性不足。教师编制政策的僵化导致了乡村教师总体充足却缺乏实际性、乡村教师供需失调导致科目与教师专业难以匹配、乡村教师专业化发展机制不健全导致师资难以优质均衡、乡村教师职业吸引力不足导致补充措施缺乏持续性。因此,应以乡村教师队伍优先发展为指导理念,建立覆盖各学科的教师资源库与协议框架,制定以学科需求为导向且“科—师”协调的教师补充标准,实行“动态入编”的教师编制调整模式,建立“准入退出—培训深造—工作生活”于一体的教师保障体系,从而构建起体系完整、切实有效的小规模学校教师精准补充机制。Rural teachers are the mainstream for promoting the quality of compulsory education in rural areas.Teachers in small-scale rural schools are of great importance in offsetting the shortcomings of urban and rural education integration.However,although the total amount of teachers in small-scale rural schools is abundant,in fact it fails to meet what the education requires,which roots in the lack of the accuracy of teachers’supplement.The imbalance of supply and demand of rural teachers results in the mismatch between subjects and teachers’majors.The defective mechanism of professional development of rural teachers results in the imbalance of teachers.The lack of professional attraction of rural teachers results in the lack of sustainability of supplementary measures.Therefore,it is suggested to take the“Prior Development of Teachers in Rural Areas”as the guiding idea,to set up teacher resource base which covers all subjects and protocol frameworks,and to formulate teacher supplement standard which is oriented by subject needs and coordinates by subjects and teachers.By enforcing the adjustment model of“dynamic admission”and establishing a teacher guarantee system which combines“access and exit,training and further study,work and life”in one,we can establish a complete and effective mechanism for the teachers in small-scale schools.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 小规模学校 教师精准补充 科师协调 教师编制 动态入编 

分 类 号：G451.2[文化科学—教育学]