基于GPS轨迹数据的城市交叉路口识别  

Identifying Urban Intersections with GPS Trajectories

作　　者：高原[1] 王东 冯宏伟[2] 施元磊 段治州 Gao Yuan;Wang Dong;Feng Hongwei;Shi Yuanlei;Duan Zhizhou(School of Economics&Management,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;School of Information Science&Technology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院,西安710127 [2]西北大学信息科学与技术学院,西安710127

出　　处：《数据分析与知识发现》2019年第11期24-34,共11页Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery

基　　金：教育部社会科学研究一般项目“基于大数据挖掘的文化旅游时空认知分析及演变模式研究”(项目编号:18YJA630025)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：【目的】针对交通方式混合模式下城市居民移动产生的GPS时空轨迹数据,实现城市道路交叉路口的自动识别。【方法】将交叉路口识别转化为一个有监督的分类学习问题。利用GeoHash算法对原始轨迹和轨迹活动区域进行编码和分格;将编码轨迹与活动区域编码矩阵映射成二值化融合矩阵,构建交叉路口特征集合;最后利用带有滑动窗口的K近邻分类算法,实现城市交通的交叉路口识别。【结果】在真实轨迹数据集GeoLife上的对比实验表明,经过GeoHash编码转换,数据集规模平均缩减率达到原有轨迹点数量的39%,降低了计算的时间复杂度;同时,识别精度优于传统的基于转向角度的交叉路口识别方法,当误差距离为50米时,综合评价指数的F1-Measure达到0.82。【局限】需要在更多城市真实轨迹数据集上进一步检验该方法的有效性。【结论】本文所提方法不受交通模式变化而产生的GPS轨迹采样频率影响,能解决混合交通模式数据集上的城市交叉路口自动识别问题,具有较强的通用性。[Objective]This paper proposes a new supervised learning method to identify road intersections automatically based on GPS trajectory data generated by travelers in the mixed traffic mode.[Methods]Firstly,we encoded and partitioned the original trajectory data and their active regions with the Geo Hash algorithm.Then,the coded trajectory and the coding matrix of active regions were mapped into a binary fusion matrix for characteristics of road intersections.Finally,we employed the K nearest neighbor classification algorithm with sliding window to identify the intersections.[Results]The proposed method was more efficient than the Latitude and Longitude Coordination based systems.Encoding with Geo Hash algorithm helped us reduce the volume of datasets by 61%.It had better performance than the turning-angle based methods,and its F1-measure score was 0.82 with the distance measure of 50 meters.[Limitations]More real life GPS data is needed to better evaluate our method’s performance.[Conclusions]The proposed method is robust to the changing of sampling frequencies and could effectively identify the urban intersections based on GPS trajectory data.

关 键 词：交叉路口自动识别 GPS轨迹 GeoHash编码 K近邻算法 

分 类 号：P209[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]