最早的校规  

The Earliest School Regulations

作　　者：拱玉书[1] GONG Yushu

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2019年第4期136-143,156,共9页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“苏美尔、阿卡德及赫梯文学文献翻译与研究”(项目编号:11JJD750004)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：《在校之日》是一篇成文于乌尔第三王朝时期(约公元前2100-前2000年)的文献,描述的是一名学生的学校生活。这名学生因种种过失而受到不同教师或学长的体罚。本文从该作品描述的学校生活中观察到十项“校规”,发现校规是教职人员体罚学生的依据,各种体罚都是依据校规实施的。校规中的每项规定都由专人负责检查监督,教职人员分工明确,各司其职,体罚学生是依规尽责。毋庸置疑,这些“校规”是目前已知最早的校规。The earliest literature of the world is written on clay-tablets with cuneiform writing in Sumerian,a language,of which the linguistic affiliation is not yet established until now.The earliest school regulations are reflected in a literary composition of the Ur III period about 2100 B.C.to 2000 B.C.,dubbed by modern scholars as"Schooldays".By the time of Ur III,school education had been practiced for at least a millennium in the land known as Sumer in the cuneiform sources,approximately southern Iraq today.It is conceivable,though not textually attested,that school regulations are as old as school education itself.The present paper intends to work out ten concrete school regulations from the above-mentioned composition.There is no doubt that the school regulations as reflected in this composition,as the present paper will present,are the earliest documented school regulations in man’s recorded history.

关 键 词：校规 体罚 古代教育 苏美尔文明 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]